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Draft:IAnʿām Thalātha

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An'ām Thalātha (Arabic: أنعام ثلاثة), or The Three Livestock, denotes the collective category of camels, cows, and sheep.[1] This subject is addressed in fiqh under the chapters concerning zakat, hajj, marriage (nikah), hunting and slaughtering, and foods and drinks.[2] The meat derived from an'am thalatha is halal; however, exceptions exist if the animal has been subjected to sexual abuse by a human (mawtu'),[3] if it has consumed pig's milk to the point where it gains substantial strength and its bones harden,[4] or if it has fed on najis excrement.[5]

The an'am thalatha constitute the specific assets for which zakat is wajib (obligatory),[6] contingent upon the fulfillment of certain criteria. These conditions include reaching the nisab (threshold),[7] grazing in public pastures rather than on private property, remaining unworked throughout the year, and the passage of eleven lunar months of ownership.[8]

Jurists maintain that both the hady (offering) and the sacrificial animal must be selected from the an'am thalatha.[9] In the context of Hajj al-Qiran, the state of ihram is established via talbiya, or alternatively through ish'ar and taqlid. While ish'ar is exclusive to camels, taqlid may be performed using any of the an'am thalatha.[10] Killing an'am thalatha while in the state of ihram is mubah (permissible) and incurs no kaffara.[11]

Regarding aqiqa, it is a requisite that the animal be one of the an'am thalatha; offering charity equivalent to the animal's monetary value does not suffice.[12] The tadhkiya (canonical slaughter) of cows and sheep is executed via dhabh, whereas camels are slaughtered through nahr.[13]

Notes

  1. ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, 1362 Sh, vol. 4, p. 324.
  2. ↑ Shāhrūdī, Farhang-i fiqh, 1382 Sh, vol. 1, p. 730.
  3. ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, 1369 Sh, vol. 36, p. 284.
  4. ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, 1369 Sh, vol. 36, p. 282.
  5. ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, 1369 Sh, vol. 36, p. 272.
  6. ↑ Yazdī, Al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā, 1409 AH, vol. 2, p. 272.
  7. ↑ The first Nisab for camels is 5, for which the Zakat is one sheep. The first Nisab for cows is 30, for which the Zakat is a two-year-old calf (tabi'). The first Nisab for sheep is 40, for which the Zakat is one sheep. Yazdī Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā, 1420 AH, vol. 4, p. 22.
  8. ↑ Yazdī, Al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā, 1409 AH, vol. 2, pp. 273, 278-279.
  9. ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, 1362 Sh, vol. 4, p. 324.
  10. ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, 1362 Sh, vol. 18, p. 57.
  11. ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, 1362 Sh, vol. 20, p. 174.
  12. ↑ Imām Khumaynī, Taḥrīr al-wasīla, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 311.
  13. ↑ Mūʾassisat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif Fiqh-i Islāmī, Farhang-i fiqh, 1382 Sh, vol. 3, p. 701.

References

  • Imām Khumaynī, Sayyid Rūḥullāh, Taḥrīr al-wasīla, Qom, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, Ismāʿīlīyān, 3rd ed., 1408 AH.
  • Mūʾassisat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif Fiqh-i Islāmī, Farhang-i fiqh muṭābiq-i madhhab-i Ahl-i Bayt (a), under supervision of Sayyid Maḥmūd Hāshimī Shāhrūdī, Qom, Mūʾassisat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif Fiqh-i Islāmī, 1382 Sh.
  • Najafī, Muḥammad Ḥasan, Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ sharāʾiʿ al-Islām, ed. ʿAbbās Qūchānī & ʿAlī Ākhūndī, Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 7th ed., 1369 Sh.
  • Yazdī, Sayyid Muḥammad Kāẓim, Al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā, Beirut, Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 2nd ed., 1409 AH.

Template:Rulings of Zakat

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