Halal-meat animals

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Halāl-meat animal is an animal whose meat is permissible to eat according to Islamic rulings. There are halal-meat animals in each of the three types of land animals, aquatic animals and birds. The condition for permissibility of eating from a halal-meat animal is its tadhkiya (slaughter according to Islamic law). According to the fatwas of jurists, it is forbidden to eat some of the body parts of a halal-meat animal, even if it is slaughtered according to Islamic law; such as blood, spleen, penis and testicles.

According to the fatwa of the jurists, it is not permissible to wear clothes made from the skin of halal-meat animals that have gushing blood died without being slaughtered according to Islamic law.

Meaning

In jurisprudence, animals are divided into halal-meat and haram-meat.[1] Halal-meat animals are those whose parts of the body are permitted to be eaten if the animal has been slaughtered according to Islamic law.[2]

In the books of jurisprudence, the rulings about halal-meat animals are discussed in chapters such as purity,[3] daily prayer,[4] hunting[5] and slaughter.[6]

Halal-meat Animals

According to Shiite jurisprudence, among the three types of land animals, aquatic animals and birds, the following animals are halal-meat:

  • Land Aanimals: quadrupeds such as sheep, goats, cows, camels, deer, gazelles, zebras and mountain goats are considered halal-meat.[7] The meat of horse, mule and domestic donkey are also halal; but, eating their meat is disliked in jurisprudence.[8]
  • Aquatic Animals: scaly fishes and shrimps are halal-meat, and the rest of the aquatic animals are forbidden to eat.[9]
  • Birds: those having one of the following four characteristics are halal-meat: having crop, gizzard, spur on the back of the foot, flapping wings.[10] Therefore, birds such as domestic chickens, turkeys, sparrows, pigeons, ducks, partridges, see-see partridges, nightingales and ostriches are halal-meat.[11] The meat of hoopoe,[12] barn swallow, and swallow is also halal, but eating them is disliked in jurisprudence.[13]

Forbidden parts of Halal-meat Animals

Jurists have considered some body parts of halal-meat animals as forbidden, even if they have been slaughtered according to Islamic law;[14] such as blood, spleen, penis and testicles.[15]

Ruling about Using Leather in Daily Prayer

According to the fatwas of jurists, halal-meat animals with gushing blood are najis if they have died without tadhkiya, and it is not permissible to use their skin when performing daily prayer. Of course, if it is sold in the Muslim market, it is assumed that they have been slaughtered according to Islamic law and it is not necessary to investigate further about it.[16]

Monitoring the Ritual Slaughter of Halal-meat Animals

In Iran and some other Islamic countries, in order to verify if consumed meat is halal, the experts of Islamic slaughtering and hunting of animals supervise the process of slaughtering and catching halal-meat animals.[17]

See Also

Notes

  1. ↑ Shāhrūdī, Farhang-i fiqh, vol. 3, p. 408.
  2. ↑ Shāhrūdī, Farhang-i fiqh, vol. 2, p. 426.
  3. ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, vol. 5, p. 287.
  4. ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, vol. 12, p. 236.
  5. ↑ Sabziwārī, Muhadhdhab al-aḥkām, vol. 23, p. 29.
  6. ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, vol. 5, p. 258.
  7. ↑ Shāhrūdī, Farhang-i fiqh, vol. 3, p. 408.
  8. ↑ Imām Khomeinī. Tawḍīh al-masāʾil, p. 555.
  9. ↑ Shāhrūdī, Farhang-i fiqh, vol. 3, p. 408.
  10. ↑ Shāhrūdī, Farhang-i fiqh, vol. 2, p. 255-256.
  11. ↑ Khomeini, Taḥrīr al-wasīla, vol. 3, p. 275-279.
  12. ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, vol. 36, p. 310.
  13. ↑ Khomeini, Taḥrīr al-wasīla, vol. 3, p. 275.
  14. ↑ Shāhrūdī, Farhang-i fiqh, vol. 2, p. 255.
  15. ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, vol. 36, p. 342.
  16. ↑ Banī Hāshimī Khomeinī, Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil-i marajiʿ, issue 88.
  17. ↑ Implementation of Sharia Slaughter Law in 57 Islamic countries (Persian)

References

  • Banī Hāshimī Khomeinī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥasan. Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil-i marajiʿ. Tehran: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī affiliated to Jāmiʿa-yi Mudarrisīn-i Ḥawza-yi ʿIlmīyya-yi Qom, 1383 Sh.
  • Imām Khomeinī. Tawḍīh al-masāʾil. Editted by Muslim Qulīpūr Gīlānī. First edition. [n.p]: 1426 AH.
  • Khomeini, Sayyid Rūḥ Allāh. Taḥrīr al-wasīla. Translated by ʿAlī Islāmī. 21st edition. Qom: Muʾassisat al-Nashr al-Islāmī Tābiʿat li Jamāʿat al-Mudarrisīn, 1425 AH.
  • Najafī, Muḥammad al-Ḥasan al-. Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ sharāʾiʿ al-Islām. Edited by ʿAbbās Qūchānī & ʿAlī Ākhūndī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1404 AH.
  • Sabziwārī, Sayyid Abd al-ʿAlī. Muhadhdhab al-aḥkām fī bayān al-ḥalāl wa al-ḥarām. Qom: Dār al-Tafsīr, 1413 AH.
  • Shāhrūdī, Sayyid Maḥmūd. Farhang-i fiqh muṭābiq bā madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt. Qom: Muʾassisat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Fiqh al-Islāmī, 1387 Sh.
  • قانون نظارت شرعی بر ذبح و صید (Sharia supervision law on slaughter and fishing (Persian)). Accessed: 2023/07/17.
  • اجرای قانون ذبح شرعی در 57 کشور اسلامی (Implementation of Sharia Slaughter Law in 57 Islamic countries (Persian)). Accessed: 2023/07/17.
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