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Draft:Verse 128 of Sura al-Tawba

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Verse 128 of Sura al-Tawba
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Template:Infobox Verse Verse 128 of Sura al-Tawba (Arabic: آیه ۱۲۸ سوره توبه) contains a depiction of the personality of Prophet Muhammad (s) in his interaction with people.[1] According to this verse, he is from among the people themselves, the suffering of others weighs heavily on him, he is eager for their guidance with all his being, and he is kind (Raʾūf) and merciful (Raḥīm) to the believers.

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First Characteristic: Based on this verse, the Prophet (s) is from among the people themselves,[2] of their own kind,[3] and possesses a known lineage.[4] Nasir Makarim Shirazi and Ja'far Subhani have disagreed with exegetes who interpreted this verse as referring to the Prophet (s) being Arab, arguing that the Qur'an pays no attention to the race of human beings.[5]

Second Characteristic: The Prophet (s) is pained by the suffering and harm of any being, even non-believers or animals,[6] and feels the pain and suffering of others.[7] For this reason, the Prophet (s) has been called the "sympathizer of the Umma".[8]

Third Characteristic: The Prophet (s) is eager (ḥarīṣ) for the benevolence and salvation of human beings, whether believer or non-believer.[9] Exegetes have stated regarding this verse that the Prophet (s) was enamored with the guidance and felicity of humans and had compassion for all people.[10]

Fourth and Fifth Characteristics: The Prophet (s) is kind (Raʾūf) and merciful (Raḥīm).[11] It is said that "Raʾūf" refers to special love for the believers, and "Raḥīm" refers to mercy for sinners;[12] Raʾfa is excessive mercy.[13] The Prophet of Islam (s) is the only one for whom God has used both names "Raʾūf" and "Raḥīm" in the Qur'an.[14]

Notes

  1. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Payām-i Qurʾān, vol. 7, p. 296.
  2. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 8, p. 206.
  3. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 9, p. 411; Kāshānī, Manhaj al-ṣādiqīn, vol. 4, p. 348; Qurashī Banābī, Tafsīr-i aḥsan al-ḥadīth, vol. 4, p. 339.
  4. ↑ Rāzī, Rawḍ al-jinān, vol. 10, p. 86.
  5. ↑ Subḥānī, Manshūr-i jāwīd, vol. 7, p. 366; Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 8, p. 206.
  6. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 8, p. 207; Kāshifī, Tafsīr-i Ḥusaynī, p. 440; Rāzī, Rawḍ al-jinān, vol. 10, p. 87.
  7. ↑ Mughniyya, al-Tafsīr al-kāshif, vol. 4, p. 124.
  8. ↑ Qarāʾatī, Tafsīr-i nūr, vol. 3, p. 529.
  9. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 9, p. 411; Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 5, p. 130.
  10. ↑ Mughniyya, al-Tafsīr al-kāshif, vol. 4, p. 124; Qurashī Banābī, Tafsīr-i aḥsan al-ḥadīth, vol. 4, p. 339.
  11. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 8, p. 207; Makārim Shīrāzī, Guftār-i Maʿṣūmīn (a), vol. 2, p. 19.
  12. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 8, p. 208.
  13. ↑ Qurashī Banābī, Tafsīr-i aḥsan al-ḥadīth, vol. 4, p. 339.
  14. ↑ Qarāʾatī, Tafsīr-i nūr, vol. 3, p. 529; Kāshifī, Tafsīr-i Ḥusaynī, p. 440.

References

  • Kāshānī, Fatḥ Allāh b. Shukr Allāh... al-. Manhaj al-ṣādiqīn fī ilzām al-mukhālifīn. Tehran, Kitābfurūshī-yi Islāmiyya, n.d.
  • Kāshifī, Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī. Tafsīr-i Ḥusaynī (Mawāhib ʿAliyya). Saravan, Kitābfurūshī-yi Nūr, n.d.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Guftār-i Maʿṣūmīn (a). Compiled by Sayyid Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāhzāda. Qom, Madrasat al-Imām ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (a), 1387 Sh.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Payām-i Qurʾān. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1386 Sh.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i nimūna. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1371 Sh.
  • Mughniyya, Muḥammad Jawād. al-Tafsīr al-kāshif. Tehran, Dār al-Kitāb al-Islāmī, 1424 AH.
  • Qarāʾatī, Muḥsin. Tafsīr-i nūr. Tehran, Markaz-i Farhangī-yi Darshāyī az Qurʾān, 1388 Sh.
  • Qurashī Banābī, ʿAlī Akbar. Tafsīr-i aḥsan al-ḥadīth. Tehran, Bunyād-i Biʿthat, 1375 Sh.
  • Rāzī, Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī... Abū l-Futūḥ al-. Rawḍ al-jinān wa rūḥ al-jinān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Mashhad, Āstān-i Quds-i Raḍawī, 1408 AH.
  • Subḥānī, Jaʿfar. Manshūr-i jāwīd. Qom, Muʾassisas al-Imām al-Ṣādiq (a), n.d.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut, Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1390 AH.
  • Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. Ḥasan... al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Tehran, Nāṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh.
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