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Draft:Verse of the Greatest Losers

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Verse of the Greatest Losers
Verse's Information
Suraal-Kahf (Qur'an 18)
Verse104
Juz'16
AboutIntroduction of the greatest losers in respect to deeds


Qur'an 18:104 (Verse 104 of Sura al-Kahf) considers the greatest losers in respect to [their] deeds to be those[1] whose efforts have been wasted in the life of this world, while they think that they are doing good work.[2]

Verse 103 of Sura al-Kahf poses the question: "Shall we inform you of the greatest losers as to [their] deeds?"[3] and the following verse (104) introduces these individuals.[4] At the beginning of the description of the losers, it states: "[They are] those whose effort is lost in this world's life".[5] This part is interpreted to mean that all their actions, even their good and useful deeds,[6] are void and bear no fruit for them.[7] Fayd Kashani, a Shi'a exegete, considers the cause of the fruitlessness of their deeds to be Kufr (disbelief).[8] Some exegetes have also stated that the goal of such individuals was not God; therefore, they see no fruit of their good deeds in the Hereafter.[9]

Verse 104 of Sura al-Kahf completes the description of being the "greatest losers"[10] by stating that they are unaware of the invalidity of their deeds and assume they are doing good work.[11] They also believe they are on the right path; self-conceit (ʿujb) has overcome them, and for this reason, they think they are performing correct actions.[12] Makarim Shirazi, a Shi'a exegete, explains the greater loss of these individuals by noting that not only have they obtained no result from their efforts, but they also do not take a lesson from the loss that has befallen them and repeat this mistake many times.[13]

Multiple instances (maṣadiq) have been mentioned for Verse 104 of Sura al-Kahf. In a narration from Imam al-Baqir (a), Christian monks, followers of vain desires (hawa l-nafs), and people of innovation (ahl al-bidʿa) are counted among its instances.[14] Also, in a narration from Imam 'Ali (a), the People of the Book who disbelieved and created innovations in their religion are considered instances of the verse, and it is considered probable that the Khawarij are also among its instances.[15] Individuals who deny the Imamate and virtues of the Shi'a Imams out of enmity[16] and those who delay Hajj have been enumerated as other instances of the verse.[17]

Notes

  1. ↑ Jaʿfarī, Kawthar, vol. 6, p. 478.
  2. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i namūna, vol. 12, p. 559.
  3. ↑ Quran, 18:103.
  4. ↑ Mughniyya, Al-Tafsīr al-kāshif, vol. 5, p. 163.
  5. ↑ Quran, 18:104.
  6. ↑ Qurashī, Tafsīr-i aḥsan al-ḥadīth, vol. 6, p. 282.
  7. ↑ Ṭabarsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 6, p. 767.
  8. ↑ Fayḍ Kāshānī, Al-Tafsīr al-ṣāfī, vol. 3, p. 267.
  9. ↑ Qurashī, Tafsīr-i aḥsan al-ḥadīth, vol. 6, p. 282.
  10. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Al-Mīzān, vol. 13, p. 399.
  11. ↑ Ṭabarsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 6, p. 767.
  12. ↑ Fayḍ Kāshānī, Al-Tafsīr al-ṣāfī, vol. 3, p. 267.
  13. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i namūna, vol. 12, p. 560.
  14. ↑ Qummī, Tafsīr al-Qummī, vol. 2, p. 46.
  15. ↑ ʿAyyāshī, Al-Tafsīr, vol. 2, p. 352.
  16. ↑ Nuʿmānī, Al-Ghayba, p. 29.
  17. ↑ Qarāʾatī, Tafsīr-i nūr, vol. 7, p. 231.

References

  • ʿAyyāshī, Muḥammad b. Masʿūd al-. Al-Tafsīr. Edited by Hāshim Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran, Al-Maṭbaʿa al-ʿIlmiyya, 1380 AH/1960-61.
  • Fayḍ Kāshānī, Mullā Muḥsin. Al-Tafsīr al-ṣāfī. Edited by Ḥusayn Aʿlamī. Tehran, Intishārāt-i Al-Ṣadr, 1415 AH/1994-95.
  • Jaʿfarī, Yaʿqūb. Kawthar. Qom, Hijrat, 1376 Sh/1997-98.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i namūna. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1374 Sh/1995-96.
  • Mughniyya, Muḥammad Jawād. Al-Tafsīr al-kāshif. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1424 AH/2003-04.
  • Nuʿmānī, Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-. Al-Ghayba. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Tehran, Nashr-i Ṣadūq, 1397 AH/1977.
  • Qarāʾatī, Muḥsin. Tafsīr-i nūr. Tehran, Markaz-i Farhangī-yi Dars-hāyī az Qurʾān, 1383 Sh/2004-05.
  • Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. Tafsīr al-Qummī. Edited by Sayyid Ṭayyib Mūsawī Jazāʾirī. Qom, Dār al-Kitāb, 1404 AH/1983-84.
  • Qurashī, Sayyid ʿAlī Akbar. Tafsīr-i aḥsan al-ḥadīth. Tehran, Bunyād-i Biʿthat, 1377 Sh/1998-99.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Qom, Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1417 AH/1996-97.
  • Ṭabarsī, Faḍl b. Ḥasan al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Introduction by Muḥammad Jawād Balāghī. Tehran, Nāṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh/1993-94.
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