Khulasat al-aqwal (book)
| Bibliographical Information Bibliographical Information | |
| Author | 'Allama al-Hilli |
|---|---|
| Original title | خُلاصَةُ الأقْوال فی مَعْرفَةِ أحْوالِ الرّجال |
| Language | Arabic |
| Series | 1 volume |
| Subject | Rijal |
| Published | 1417/1996-7 |
| Publisher | Institute of Nashr al-Fiqaha |
Khulāṣat al-aqwāl fī maʿrifat aḥwāl al-rijāl (Arabic: خُلاصَةُ الأقْوال فی مَعْرفَةِ أحْوالِ الرّجال) known as Rijal al-Hilli is among the eight principal (collections) of Shi'a rijal. This book is the famous work of al-'Allama al-Hilli regarding the authentication of transmitters of hadiths classified as weak and reliable. Due to the importance and citation of the book, many great scholars have summarized it, wrote marginalia for it or translated it.
About the Author
Abu Mansur Jamal al-Din, Hasan b. Yusuf b. Mutahhar al-Hilli (648/1250 – 726/1325) known as al-'Allama al-Hilli was among the scholars of 8th/14th century. His works and debates led Öljeitü (later called Sultan Mohammad Khuda'banda) to accept Shi'a and spread Shi'a in Iran. Al-'Allama al-Hilli had many works in the sciences of jurisprudence, principles of jurisprudence, beliefs, logic, supplication, etc. He had three books in rijal which are Khulasat al-aqwal fi ma'rifat al-rijal, Kashf al-maqal fi ma'rifat al-rijal and Idah al-ishtibah.
Date of Writing
In a biography of al-Sayyid al-Murtada, al-'Allama al-Hilli mentioned that he wrote his book in 693/1293-4.[1]
Content
Khulasat al-aqwal is divided in two parts:
- First part: including those who can be trusted and their hadiths are accepted.
- Second part: about those, transmission of hadiths stops when it reaches to them and their statements are not accepted due to unreliability.
Names of transmitters of hadith are ordered alphabetically and for every one of them, one chapter is assigned. All the transmitters of hadith with similar names are mentioned in the same place so that the commonness of names are distinguished.[2]
Writing Approach and Features of the Book
Rijal of al-'Allama al-Hilli is a reliable reference to know Shi'a transmitters of hadith. It has explained the reliability or weakness of the transmitters of hadiths very clearly and without ambiguity.
Al-'Allama divided his book to different chapters and in each chapter mentioned the name of one person and then clarified the similar names that, for example, the name "Sayf" refers to three persons, and the name "Sulayman" refers to six persons, etc.
In many cases, al-'Allama has mentioned the views of other scholars of rijal as well; but, finally he has also mentioned his opinion in approval or rejection of their views.
He has also advised the manner of pronunciation and correct manner of writing the names of transmitters of hadith, whose names may be mispronounced.
In this book, somehow the order of transmitters is clarified and the Imams (a) every transmitter of hadith has transmitted hadiths from are mentioned.[3]
Al-'Allama's Approach for Approvals and Criticisms
- Relying on the approvals and criticisms about transmitters of hadiths he received from previous scholars.
- Agency of Infallible Imams (a) has been considered an implication for having justice.
- Frequency of transmission of hadiths by the sources of hadiths from a transmitter of hadith is a sign of his reliability.
- Any of Imams' (a) asking for forgiveness (tarahhum) for a person is a sign for that person's reliability. (Saying "May Allah forgive him" upon mentioning a deceased person.)[4]
Value and Credit
Some of the points which have given value to this book are as follows:
- The author of the book is al-'Allama al-Hilli who had more than hundred works in different fields and regarding knowledge and piety, he was famous to all, so that he reached the level of ijtihad before the age of puberty.
- Al-'Allama quoted many of discussions from the books which are not available to us and the only way to know about their content is referring to books such as Khulasat al-aqwal.
- Regarding the issues reported from the books, one version of them is available, it is considered an old and authentic source which can approve the authenticity of other versions of the books.
- Versions related to the time of the author are available which leave no doubt about the attribution and authenticity of the content of the book.
Researches about the Book
Due to the importance and citation of the book, many great scholars have summarized it, written marginalia for it or translated it.
Anthology
Muhammad Rida b. Isma'il Musawi Shirazi compiled an anthology of it titled as al-Wajiza fi l-rijal.
Marginalia and Glosses
Aqa Buzurg Tehrani listed about 10 glosses and marginalia written for it by great scholars:
- Marginalia by al-Shahid al-Thani
- Marginalia by al-Shaykh 'Izz al-Din Husayn b. 'Abd al-Samad al-Harithi (d. 984/1576-7)
- Glosses by al-Shaykh Sulayman b. 'abd Allah Mahuzi (d. 1121/1709-10)
- Glosses by al-Sayyid Ali b. 'Abd al-Karim Nili Najafi, author of Muntakhab al-anwar al-mudi'a
- Marginalia by Qadi Nur Allah Shushtari[5]
Translation
Khulasat al-aqwal was translated into Persian in 1129/1716-7 by Muhammad Baqir b. Muhammad Husayn Tabrizi.
Versions
Available versions of the book are:
- A version in the library of Najaf written in 766/1364-5 which contains the signs of its recitation by scholars. It was dedicated to Gharawiyya library in 842/1438-9.
- A version available in the library of Ayatollah Sadr recited for the author and at the end of the first and second parts, al-'Allama has written his permission for it mentioning the date 715/1315-6.
- A version transcribed from the version held by the son of Fakhr al-Muhaqqiqin and the permission of Fakhr al-Muhaqqiqin can be seen at the end of it.
- A version by the handwriting of Shah Murtada, father of Fayd Kashani written in 985/1577-8 to the end of which Mirza Lutf-Ali Tihrani (d. 1350/1931-2) added some complements.[6]
Notes
References
- Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, Muḥammad Muḥsin. ‘’Al-Dharīʿa ilā taṣānīf al-Shīʿa’’. Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwāʾ, [n.d].
- Ḥillī, Ḥasan b. Yūsuf al-. ‘’Khulāṣat al-aqwāl’’. Qom: Muʾassisat Nashr al-Fiqāha, 1417 AH.