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Sayyid Sadr al-Din al-Musawi al-'Amili

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Sayyid Sadr al-Din al-Musawi al-'Amili
Personal Information
Full NameSayyid Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad al-Mūsawī al-ʿĀmilī
LineageGrandfather of the Sadr family
Well-Known RelativesSayyid Isma'il al-Sadr (son) • Sayyid Hasan al-Sadr (son)
Birth1193/1779
Place of BirthJabal Amil, Lebanon
Death1264/1848, Najaf
Burial PlaceShrine of Imam Ali (a)
Scholarly Information
Permission for
Ijtihad From		Sayyid Ali Tabataba'i (Sahib al-Riyad)
WorksRisala fi hujjiyyat al-zann • Hashiya ala Muntaha al-maqal • Al-Qistas al-mustaqim • Manzuma fi bab al-rada


Sayyid Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad al-Mūsawī al-ʿĀmilī (Arabic: سید صدرالدین محمد الموسوي العاملي) (b. 1193/1779 – d. 1264/1848) was a Shi'a scholar of the 13th/19th century. He was the son of Sayyid Salih and the son-in-law of Ja'far Kashif al-Ghita. He studied under masters such as al-Wahid al-Bihbahani and Sayyid Bahr al-'Ulum and authored numerous works in jurisprudence, principles of jurisprudence, syntax, and literature. He passed away in Najaf in 1264/1848 and was buried in the courtyard of the Shrine of Imam Ali (a).

Lineage and Biography

Sayyid Sadr al-Din was the son of Sayyid Salih, known as Sayyid Salih al-Kabir al-Musawi al-Amili al-Makki. He was a maternal grandson of Al-Shaykh al-Hurr al-Amili[1] and also the son-in-law of Ja'far Kashif al-Ghita.[2] He was from the Musawi Sayyids[3] and was born in 1193/1779 in the region of Jabal Amil (southern Lebanon).[4] It is said that Sayyid Salih al-Kabir and a large number of renowned scholars of Lebanon incurred the wrath of Ahmad Jazzar, the Ottoman governor of the Jabal Amil region, for defending the ideological and cultural boundaries of the Shi'a school. He was imprisoned and, after his release, was forced to migrate with his family from Lebanon to Iraq.[5]

It is reported that Sayyid Sadr al-Din Musawi pursued his seminary studies in Najaf but was forced to leave Najaf and migrate to Iran due to numerous assassination attempts by opponents of the seminary and Shi'a religious authority.[6] After visiting Imam al-Rida (a) in Mashhad and a short stay in Yazd, he went to Isfahan at the invitation of scholars and the people there. He settled in a house purchased for him by Sayyid Muhammad Baqir Shafti in the Chaharsuq or Bidabad neighborhood of Isfahan. He engaged in scholarly and social activities in Isfahan until 1262/1846 when he was about seventy years old.[7]

According to Sheikh Muhammad Hirz al-Din, great and famous scholars attended his study circle in Isfahan. When he returned to Najaf, he was considered one of the jurists, scholars, and researchers, possessing complete mastery over hadith and theology.[8] Finally, after years of residing in Isfahan, he returned to Najaf and passed away in 1264/1848. He was buried in the holy courtyard of Imam Ali (a) in Najaf. His burial place is reported to be in the eastern chambers of the Alid courtyard.[9]

He is the ancestor of the well-known Sadr family in Iraq and Iran.[10] Sayyid Isma'il al-Sadr (1258–1338 AH), a Shi'a Marja' in the fourteenth century, and also Sayyid Hasan al-Sadr (1272–1354 AH), the author of the book Ta'sis al-shi'a, were among the children of Sayyid Sadr al-Din.[11]

Scholarly Life

Sadr al-Din Amili spent most of his scholarly life in Najaf and Kadhimiya. He attended the lessons of Ja'far Kashif al-Ghita, Sayyid Ali Tabataba'i (author of Riyāḍ al-masāʾil), Al-Wahid al-Bihbahani, and Sayyid Bahr al-'Ulum,[12] eventually reaching the rank of Ijtihad in Fiqh, Usul, and Rijal.[13] It is said that Sadr al-Din Amili received his permission for Ijtihad from Sayyid Ali Tabataba'i before reaching puberty.[14]

Sayyid Sadr al-Din Amili taught in the Seminary of Najaf and the Seminary of Isfahan. Numerous students attended his lessons, some of whom later became famous Marja's and teachers themselves.[15] It is reported that Sheikh Murtada al-Ansari (author of Rasāʾil and Makāsib), Sayyid Muhammad Hashim Khwansari, Sayyid Muhammad Baqir Khwansari (author of Rawḍāt al-jannāt), and Sayyid Muhammad Jawad Amili (author of Miftāḥ al-karāma) were among his students.[16]

Written Works

It is reported that Sadr al-Din Amili authored numerous works.

  • **Fiqh:** Usrat al-ʿitra, Al-Mustaṭrafāt, Risāla fī masʾalat dhī l-raʾsayn, Risāla qūt lā yamūt, and Sharḥ manẓūma raḍāʿiyya.[17]
  • **Usul al-Fiqh:** Al-Qisṭās al-mustaqīm and Risāla ḥujjiyyat al-maẓanna.[18]
  • **Poetry, Arabic Literature, and Syntax:** Manẓūma fī bāb al-raḍāʿ, Qurrat al-ʿayn, and Sharḥ qaṭr al-nadā.[19]
  • **Rijal Studies:** Al-Taʿlīqa ʿalā rijāl al-Shaykh Abī ʿAlī, Al-Majāl fī l-rijāl, and Al-Taʿlīqa ʿalā naqd al-rijāl.[20]
  • **Hadith:** A detailed book titled Sharḥ maqbūlat ʿUmar b. Ḥanẓala.[21]

It is said that Sadr al-Din Amili's mastery of syntax and literature caused his style of writing in Fiqh and Usul to differ from other scholars, making the influence of Arabic syntax and literature evident in his jurisprudential and principled books.[22]

Notes

  1. ↑ Khwānsārī, Rawḍāt al-jannāt, 1390 AH, vol. 4, pp. 396–398; "Sayyid Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad Mūsawī ʿĀmilī", Pāygāh-i Iṭṭilāʿ-risānī-yi Ḥawzah.
  2. ↑ Ṣadr, Takmilat amal al-āmil, 1406 AH, p. 237; Kamāliyān, "Khāndān-i Ṣadr", Pāygāh-i Ṣadr-pazhūhī.
  3. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Tihrānī, Nuqabāʾ al-bashar, 1404 AH, vol. 2, p. 668.
  4. ↑ Khwānsārī, Rawḍāt al-jannāt, 1390 AH, vol. 4, pp. 396–398.
  5. ↑ "Sayyid Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad Mūsawī ʿĀmilī", Pāygāh-i Iṭṭilāʿ-risānī-yi Ḥawzah; Khwānsārī, Rawḍāt al-jannāt, 1390 AH, vol. 4, p. 126.
  6. ↑ "Sayyid Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad Mūsawī ʿĀmilī", Pāygāh-i Iṭṭilāʿ-risānī-yi Ḥawzah; Ṣadr, Takmilat amal al-āmil, 1406 AH, p. 237.
  7. ↑ Ṣadr, Takmilat amal al-āmil, 1406 AH, p. 237; Khwānsārī, Rawḍāt al-jannāt, 1390 AH, vol. 4, pp. 396–398.
  8. ↑ Ḥirz al-Dīn, Maʿārif al-rijāl, 1405 AH, vol. 2, pp. 328–329.
  9. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Tihrānī, Ṭabaqāt aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1404 AH, p. 237.
  10. ↑ Kamāliyān, "Khāndān-i Ṣadr", Pāygāh-i Ṣadr-pazhūhī.
  11. ↑ Khwānsārī, Rawḍāt al-jannāt, 1390 AH, vol. 4, pp. 396–398.
  12. ↑ Kamāliyān, "Khāndān-i Ṣadr", Pāygāh-i Ṣadr-pazhūhī.
  13. ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1406 AH, vol. 7, pp. 124–126.
  14. ↑ Kamāliyān, "Khāndān-i Ṣadr", Pāygāh-i Ṣadr-pazhūhī.
  15. ↑ Afandī, Riyāḍ al-ʿulamāʾ, 1401 AH, vol. 3, p. 268.
  16. ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1406 AH, vol. 9, p. 372; Āghā Buzurg Tihrānī, Nuqabāʾ al-bashar, 1404 AH, vol. 2, p. 67.
  17. ↑ Ṣadr, Takmilat amal al-āmil, 1406 AH, p. 237; Khwānsārī, Rawḍāt al-jannāt, 1390 AH, vol. 4, p. 126.
  18. ↑ Ṣadr, Takmilat amal al-āmil, 1406 AH, p. 237; Khwānsārī, Rawḍāt al-jannāt, 1390 AH, vol. 4, p. 126.
  19. ↑ Ṣadr, Takmilat amal al-āmil, 1406 AH, p. 237; Khwānsārī, Rawḍāt al-jannāt, 1390 AH, vol. 4, p. 126.
  20. ↑ Ṣadr, Takmilat amal al-āmil, 1406 AH, p. 237; Khwānsārī, Rawḍāt al-jannāt, 1390 AH, vol. 4, p. 126.
  21. ↑ Ṣadr, Takmilat amal al-āmil, 1406 AH, p. 237; Khwānsārī, Rawḍāt al-jannāt, 1390 AH, vol. 4, p. 126.
  22. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1409 AH, vol. 2, p. 281.

References

  • Afandī, ʿAbd Allāh. Riyāḍ al-ʿulamāʾ wa ḥiyāḍ al-fuḍalāʾ. Qom: Manshūrāt Maktabat Āyatullāh al-Marʿashī al-Najafī, 1401 AH.
  • Āghā Buzurg Tihrānī, Muḥammad Muḥsin. Al-Dharīʿa ilā taṣānīf al-Shīʿa. Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwāʾ, 2nd ed., 1403 AH.
  • Āghā Buzurg Tihrānī, Muḥammad Muḥsin. Nuqabāʾ al-bashar. Mashhad: Dār al-Murtaḍā, 1404 AH.
  • Āghā Buzurg Tihrānī, Muḥammad Muḥsin. Ṭabaqāt aʿlām al-Shīʿa: Al-kirām al-barara fī l-qarn al-thālith ʿashar. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī al-Tābiʿa li-Jamāʿat al-Mudarrisīn, 1404 AH.
  • Amīn, Sayyid Muḥsin. Aʿyān al-Shīʿa. Beirut: Dār al-Taʿāruf lil-Maṭbūʿāt, 1406 AH.
  • Amīn, Sayyid Muḥsin. Mustadrakāt aʿyān al-Shīʿa. Beirut: Dār al-Taʿāruf lil-Maṭbūʿāt, 1409 AH.
  • Ḥirz al-Dīn, Muḥammad. Maʿārif al-rijāl fī tarājim al-ʿulamāʾ wa l-udabāʾ. Qom: Maktabat Āyatullāh al-Marʿashī, 1405 AH.
  • Kamāliyān, Muḥsin. "Khāndān-i Ṣadr". Pāygāh-i Ṣadr-pazhūhī. Accessed: 12 Mehr 1404 Sh.
  • Khwānsārī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Rawḍāt al-jannāt fī aḥwāl al-ʿulamāʾ wa l-sādāt. Tehran: Al-Maktaba al-Islāmiyya, 1390 AH.
  • Ṣadr, Sayyid Ḥasan. Takmilat amal al-āmil. Qom: Maktabat Āyatullāh al-Marʿashī, 1406 AH.
  • "Sayyid Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad Mūsawī ʿĀmilī". Pāygāh-i Iṭṭilāʿ-risānī-yi Ḥawzah. Published: 1 Dey 1400 Sh. Accessed: 1 Mehr 1404 Sh.
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