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Al-Abbas b. Abd al-Muttalib: Difference between revisions
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==Lineage== | ==Lineage== | ||
'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib b. Hashim b. 'Abd Manaf b. Qusay b. Kilab b. Murra b. Ka'b b. Lu'ayy was an uncle of the Prophet (s) and a son of [['Abd al-Muttalib]], the Prophet's (s) grandfather, and his mother was Nutayla. He was born three years before [['Am al-Fil]] and 56 years before [[Hijra]] in [[Mecca]] in a family which was in charge of the [[Quraysh]] tribe. 'Abbas was one of the youngest sons of 'Abd al-Muttalib. He was only 3 years older than the Prophet (s). | 'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib b. Hashim b. 'Abd Manaf b. Qusay b. Kilab b. Murra b. Ka'b b. Lu'ayy was an uncle of the Prophet (s) and a son of [['Abd al-Muttalib]], the Prophet's (s) grandfather, and his mother was Nutayla. He was born three years before [['Am al-Fil]] and 56 years before [[Hijra]] in [[Mecca]] in a family which was in charge of the [[Quraysh]] tribe. 'Abbas was one of the youngest sons of 'Abd al-Muttalib. He was only 3 years older than the Prophet (s). | ||
{{Family tree of the Prophet (s)}} | |||
==Life before the Prophethood of the Prophet (s)== | ==Life before the Prophethood of the Prophet (s)== | ||
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In the [[Battle of Badr]] which was the first military action by the [[Quraysh]] against the Prophet (s). People of [[Mecca]], who were rushing towards [[Medina]] to save their commercial caravan, forced 'Abbas and some other people from [[Banu Hashim]] to accompany them. 'Abbas let the Prophet (s) know about the Quraysh's action and the reason why he was with them. According to a report, in his letter, he pointed out to the Prophet (s) that he would lead the Quraysh's army to a defeat if he could. | In the [[Battle of Badr]] which was the first military action by the [[Quraysh]] against the Prophet (s). People of [[Mecca]], who were rushing towards [[Medina]] to save their commercial caravan, forced 'Abbas and some other people from [[Banu Hashim]] to accompany them. 'Abbas let the Prophet (s) know about the Quraysh's action and the reason why he was with them. According to a report, in his letter, he pointed out to the Prophet (s) that he would lead the Quraysh's army to a defeat if he could. | ||
It is said that when 'Abbas was captivated in the battle, he and the Prophet (s) negotiated over the ransom of Badr's captives. According to some sources, the [[ | It is said that when 'Abbas was captivated in the battle, he and the Prophet (s) negotiated over the ransom of Badr's captives. According to some sources, the [[Quran 8]]:70, is concerned with this story. However, Ibn Hisham did not mention 'Abbas as a captive of Badr. | ||
===After the Battle of Badr=== | ===After the Battle of Badr=== | ||
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===Battle of Hunayn=== | ===Battle of Hunayn=== | ||
'Abbas was actively present in the [[Battle of Hunayn]] which occurred a short time after the Conquest of Mecca. When people in the Islamic army ran away and left the Prophet (s) alone after a camisado was launched by polytheists, 'Abbas fought on the right side of the Prophet (s), his son, Fadl, fought on his left side, and [['Ali (a)]] fought in front of him. They resisted so adamantly that the Quran | 'Abbas was actively present in the [[Battle of Hunayn]] which occurred a short time after the Conquest of Mecca. When people in the Islamic army ran away and left the Prophet (s) alone after a camisado was launched by polytheists, 'Abbas fought on the right side of the Prophet (s), his son, Fadl, fought on his left side, and [['Ali (a)]] fought in front of him. They resisted so adamantly that the [[Quran 9]]:26, was revealed about them. | ||
According to | According to al-Baladhuri, on the day when the Battle of Hunayn began, some people tried to attack and assassinate the Prophet (s) while 'Abbas was holding the bridle of the Prophet's (s) camel. 'Abbas seized one of the attackers and told a servant of the Prophet (s): "hit! No matter which of us you will kill!" The servant killed the enemy. On this account, 'Abbas did the same with 6 other attackers. He then kissed the Prophet (s) and prayed for him. | ||
=='Abbas's Appearance== | =='Abbas's Appearance== | ||
According to historical accounts, 'Abbas was a nobleman, intelligent, awesome, tolerant, generous, handsome, very white, tall, sturdy, and loud. According to al-Dhahabi, he was one of the tallest, most beautiful, most awesome, loudest, most tolerant gentlemen. About his height, it is said that he was taller than all people when they [[tawaf|circumambulated]] around the Ka'ba and seemed like a white howdah. | According to historical accounts, 'Abbas was a nobleman, intelligent, awesome, tolerant, generous, handsome, very white, tall, sturdy, and loud. According to al-Dhahabi, he was one of the tallest, most beautiful, most awesome, loudest, most tolerant gentlemen. About his height, it is said that he was taller than all people when they [[tawaf|circumambulated]] around the [[Ka'ba]] and seemed like a white howdah. | ||
=='Abbas's Death== | =='Abbas's Death== | ||
'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib died on Friday, [[Rajab]] 14, 32 (February 18, 653) in the period of 'Uthman's caliphate at the age of 88 or 89. 'Ali (a) and his sons performed [[ghusl al-mayyit]] on his corpse, and 'Uthman, the third caliph, asked them to let him attend the ceremony. In addition to Banu Hashim's messenger, 'Uthman's messengers also went to villages and tribes and called people to attend 'Abbas's [[funeral]]. The population that gathered in his funeral was unprecedently large. The place where the [[Funeral Prayer]] was supposed to be performed did not have enough space for the population and so the prayer was performed in [[al-Baqi']] cemetery behind 'Uthman. Because of the congestion of the population, the cloth over his corpse was torn apart. Thus, the caliph commissioned his police to keep people away to let Banu Hashim engage in the burial of the corpse. In any case, 'Abbas's corpse was buried with a unique glory. | 'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib died on Friday, [[Rajab]] 14, [[32]] (February 18, 653) in the period of [['Uthman]]'s caliphate at the age of 88 or 89. [['Ali (a)]] and his sons performed [[ghusl al-mayyit]] on his corpse, and 'Uthman, the third caliph, asked them to let him attend the ceremony. In addition to [[Banu Hashim]]'s messenger, 'Uthman's messengers also went to villages and tribes and called people to attend 'Abbas's [[funeral]]. The population that gathered in his funeral was unprecedently large. The place where the [[Funeral Prayer]] was supposed to be performed did not have enough space for the population and so the prayer was performed in [[al-Baqi']] cemetery behind 'Uthman. Because of the congestion of the population, the cloth over his corpse was torn apart. Thus, the caliph commissioned his police to keep people away to let Banu Hashim engage in the burial of the corpse. In any case, 'Abbas's corpse was buried with a unique glory. | ||
In the burial ceremony of 'Abbas, [[Imam 'Ali (a)]], [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]], and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] were present, and his sons, [['Abd Allah b. 'Abbas|'Abd Allah]], 'Ubayd Allah, and Quththam, entered the grave, since his corpse was too sturdy. | In the burial ceremony of 'Abbas, [[Imam 'Ali (a)]], [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]], and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] were present, and his sons, [['Abd Allah b. 'Abbas|'Abd Allah]], 'Ubayd Allah, and Quththam, entered the grave, since his corpse was too sturdy. | ||
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==Criticisms== | ==Criticisms== | ||
Contrary to the accounts given by historical books written in the Abbasid period about 'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib, some people believe that since Abbasid caliphs grounded their legitimacy in 'Abbas as their ancestor, they tried to give a positive historical picture of 'Abbas and some of his children and grandchildren. It was especially pressing because they lacked the positive background enjoyed by their rivals, Talibis and [['Alawis]]. They first tried to reduce the detested picture of 'Abbas with respect to events in the early days of Islam, and then attribute some virtues to him. Thus, they tried to show that 'Abbas's presence in the Battle of Badr against the Islamic army was a plan out of necessity, and this was why the Prophet (s) ordered his followers not to kill him when he was captivated. Or they said that 'Abbas had a secret relationship with the Prophet (s) and gave him news about the polytheists. | Contrary to the accounts given by historical books written in the Abbasid period about 'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib, some people believe that since Abbasid caliphs grounded their legitimacy in 'Abbas as their ancestor, they tried to give a positive historical picture of 'Abbas and some of his children and grandchildren. It was especially pressing because they lacked the positive background enjoyed by their rivals, Talibis and [['Alawis]]. They first tried to reduce the detested picture of 'Abbas with respect to events in the early days of Islam, and then attribute some virtues to him. Thus, they tried to show that 'Abbas's presence in the Battle of Badr against the Islamic army was a plan out of necessity, and this was why the Prophet (s) ordered his followers not to kill him when he was captivated. Or they said that 'Abbas had a secret relationship with the Prophet (s) and gave him news about the polytheists. | ||
==References== | |||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/عباس_بن_عبدالمطلب عباس بن عبدالمطلب] in Farsi WikiShia. | |||
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