Anonymous user
Allegiance of Women: Difference between revisions
Notes Adding.....
imported>Kadeh (→References: Completed.) |
imported>Kadeh (Notes Adding.....) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
'''Bayʿat al-Nisāʾ''' (Arabic: {{ia|بيعة النساء}}) or '''pledging allegiance of women''' to [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] took place after the [[conquest of Mecca]]. Some believe it was the same event as the [[Pledge of al-'Aqaba|first Allegiance of al-'Aqaba]]. The terms of this [[Bay'a|pledge]] are clearly mentioned in the 12 [[verse]] of [[Sura al-Mumtahana]]: to avoid idolatry ([[Shirk]]), to avoid [[theft]] and [[adultery]], avoid infanticide (killing their own children), avoid disobeying Prophet Muhammad (s) and assigning other's children to their husbands. | '''Bayʿat al-Nisāʾ''' (Arabic: {{ia|بيعة النساء}}) or '''pledging allegiance of women''' to [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] took place after the [[conquest of Mecca]]. Some believe it was the same event as the [[Pledge of al-'Aqaba|first Allegiance of al-'Aqaba]]. The terms of this [[Bay'a|pledge]] are clearly mentioned in the 12 [[verse]] of [[Sura al-Mumtahana]]: to avoid idolatry ([[Shirk]]), to avoid [[theft]] and [[adultery]], avoid infanticide (killing their own children), avoid disobeying Prophet Muhammad (s) and assigning other's children to their husbands. | ||
| Line 26: | Line 12: | ||
==The Features of Pledge== | ==The Features of Pledge== | ||
Based on the 12th [[verse]] of [[Sura al-Mumtahana]], the terms of the pledge were: to avoid idolatry ([[Shirk]]), to avoid theft and adultery, avoid infanticide (killing their own children), avoid disobeying Prophet Muhammad (s) and assigning other's children to their husbands. The last part of this verse says: Wa la ya'sinaka fi ma'ruf (and they will not disobey you in what is right) which has a general concept and it is interpreted differently. Some said it has a general meaning, emphasizing obedience of Prophet Muhammad (s), and some said it meant avoiding being alone with a [[non-mahram]] man. It is also attributed to [[Jahiliyya]] costumes in [[mourning ceremony|mourning ceremonies]]. Women used to cry loudly and in mourning they hurt their faces and cut their hair. It led to provocation of conflicts and angered men. Some believe the last part of the verse banned women from doing unpleasant deeds. | Based on the 12th [[verse]] of [[Sura al-Mumtahana]], the terms of the pledge were: to avoid idolatry ([[Shirk]]), to avoid theft and adultery, avoid infanticide (killing their own children), avoid disobeying Prophet Muhammad (s) and assigning other's children to their husbands. The last part of this verse says: Wa la ya'sinaka fi ma'ruf (and they will not disobey you in what is right) which has a general concept and it is interpreted differently. Some said it has a general meaning, emphasizing obedience of Prophet Muhammad (s),<ref>Zamakhsharī, ''Tafsīr al-kashshāf'', vol. 4, p. 519; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 9, p. 414; Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, ''al-Aṣfā fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 1295.</ref> and some said it meant avoiding being alone with a [[non-mahram]] man.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān'', vol. 28, p. 52; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kabīr'', vol. 8, p. 8; Abū Ḥayyān Andulusī, ''al-Baḥr al-muḥīṭ fī al-tafsīr'', vol. 10, p. 160.</ref> It is also attributed to [[Jahiliyya]] costumes in [[mourning ceremony|mourning ceremonies]]. Women used to cry loudly and in mourning they hurt their faces and cut their hair. It led to provocation of conflicts and angered men. Some believe the last part of the verse banned women from doing unpleasant deeds.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān'', vol. 28, p. 52; Qurṭubī, ''al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān'', vol. 19, p. 73.</ref> | ||
==Participants== | ==Participants== | ||
A number of wives of Prophet Muhammad (s) and [[Lady Fatima (a)]], his daughter, [[Umm Hani]], the daughter of [[Abu Talib]], attended this pledge. It is important to notice [[Hind]], [[Abu Sufyan]]'s wife, secretly attended the pledge; she opposed Prophet Muhammad (s) and mutilated [[Hamza]]'s body in the past. She attended the pledge to save her life as she was afraid of revenges against her. However she opposed some terms of the pledge and her identity was revealed. | A number of wives of Prophet Muhammad (s) and [[Lady Fatima (a)]], his daughter, [[Umm Hani]], the daughter of [[Abu Talib]], attended this pledge.<ref>Wāqidī, ''al-Maghāzī'', vol. 2, p. 850.</ref> According to [[Ibn Abi al-Hadid]], [[Fatima bint Asad]] was the first woman to pledge allegiance to the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 14.</ref> | ||
It is important to notice [[Hind]], [[Abu Sufyan]]'s wife, secretly attended the pledge; she opposed Prophet Muhammad (s) and mutilated [[Hamza]]'s body in the past. She attended the pledge to save her life as she was afraid of revenges against her. However she opposed some terms of the pledge and her identity was revealed, but the Prophet forgave her and refused to punish her.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 3, p. 61-62; Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān'', vol. 28, p. 51; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 4, p. 319.</ref> | |||
==Situations== | ==Situations== | ||
Most of historians believe, when [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] wanted to make the pledge, he prepared a bowl of water and put his hand in it, then he would read the terms of pledge and asked women to do the same. Besides other ways of taking oath of allegiance are mentioned in historical source. | Most of historians believe, when [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] wanted to make the pledge, he prepared a bowl of water and put his hand in it, then he would read the terms of pledge and asked women to do the same.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 3, p. 62; Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān'', vol. 28, p. 51; Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 2, p. 364; Wāqidī, ''al-Maghāzī'', vol. 2, p. 851;Abū l-Futūḥ al-Rāzī, ''Rawḍ al-Jinān wa Rawḥ al-Janān'', vol. 19, p. 169.</ref> Besides other ways of taking oath of allegiance are mentioned in historical source. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
| Line 77: | Line 65: | ||
[[ur:بیعت النساء]] | [[ur:بیعت النساء]] | ||
[[id:Baiat Nisa]] | [[id:Baiat Nisa]] | ||
<onlyinclude>{{#ifeq:{{{section|editorial box}}}|editorial box|{{Editorial Box | |||
| priority = - | |||
| quality = b | |||
| links = done | |||
| photo =- | |||
| categories = done | |||
| infobox =- | |||
| navbox = | |||
| redirects= done | |||
| references = | |||
| good article = | |||
| featured article = | |||
| major edits =emergency wiki | |||
}}}}</onlyinclude> | |||
[[Category:Allegiances in the Islamic period]] | [[Category:Allegiances in the Islamic period]] | ||
[[Category:Events from Hijra to the Prophet's demise]] | [[Category:Events from Hijra to the Prophet's demise]] | ||
[[Category:Treaties of the Prophet (s)]] | [[Category:Treaties of the Prophet (s)]] | ||