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Al-Qasr Prayer: Difference between revisions
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'''Shortened Prayer''' (Arabic: {{ia|صَلاةُ القَصر}}) or '''Traveller's Prayer''' (Arabic:{{ia|صَلاةُ المُسافِر}}) is a term used as opposite to complete [[prayer]]. Upon certain conditions, it is obligatory for a traveler to shorten four Rak'a prayers and perform them in two Rak'as. Shortening prayer is obligatory for travellers according to [[Imamiyya]]; however according to other Islamic sects, it is only permissible, not obligatory. | '''Shortened Prayer''' (Arabic: {{ia|صَلاةُ القَصر}}) or '''Traveller's Prayer''' (Arabic:{{ia|صَلاةُ المُسافِر}}) is a term used as opposite to complete [[prayer]]. Upon certain conditions, it is obligatory for a traveler to shorten four Rak'a prayers and perform them in two Rak'as. Shortening prayer is obligatory for travellers according to [[Imamiyya]]; however according to other Islamic sects, it is only permissible, not obligatory. | ||
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Among Islamic sects, [[Imamiyya]] and [[Hanafi School]] deem shortening prayer as an obligation for the traveller; however, [[Maliki School]] regards the act of shortening a highly recommended practice, and [[Shafi'i School]] and [[Hanbali School]] deem it permissible, meaning a traveller can pray either in four or two Rak'as, without any obligation or preference in either option.<ref>Subḥānī, ''al-Qaṣr fī l-safar'', p. 5-6.</ref> | Among Islamic sects, [[Imamiyya]] and [[Hanafi School]] deem shortening prayer as an obligation for the traveller; however, [[Maliki School]] regards the act of shortening a highly recommended practice, and [[Shafi'i School]] and [[Hanbali School]] deem it permissible, meaning a traveller can pray either in four or two Rak'as, without any obligation or preference in either option.<ref>Subḥānī, ''al-Qaṣr fī l-safar'', p. 5-6.</ref> | ||
Those who deem shortening unnecessary have appealed to the phrase "there is no sin upon you in | Those who deem shortening unnecessary have appealed to the phrase "there is no sin upon you in shortening". In contrast, those who regard it as an obligation would reply that the verse intended to wipe away the false mentality which considered such act sinful.<ref>Subḥānī, ''al-Qaṣr fī l-safar'', p. 13.</ref> In some other verses of the [[Holy Qur'an]], the same phrase is used to denote obligation.<ref>Qurʾān, 2:158 .</ref> | ||
Additionally and based on the apparent meaning of the verse, some have restricted the permissibility of shortening to situations of fear and insecurity. However, The Prophetic Tradition has interpreted the verse in nonrestrictive terms; i.e. both in security and danger, the Prophet (s) would shorten his prayers while travelling. Based on this explanation, the clause "if you fear | Additionally and based on the apparent meaning of the verse, some have restricted the permissibility of shortening to situations of fear and insecurity. However, The Prophetic Tradition has interpreted the verse in nonrestrictive terms; i.e. both in security and danger, the Prophet (s) would shorten his prayers while travelling. Based on this explanation, the clause "if you fear …" in the verse is taken to be only a reference to the prevalence of such situations at that time, not a restrictive term.<ref>Subḥānī, ''al-Qaṣr fī l-safar'', p. 12.</ref> | ||
==Technical Definition of Traveller in Islamic Jurisprudence== | ==Technical Definition of Traveller in Islamic Jurisprudence== | ||
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# From the beginning of the trip, the traveller must be aware of covering or exceeding the mentioned distance; and must remain so until reaching the distance. | # From the beginning of the trip, the traveller must be aware of covering or exceeding the mentioned distance; and must remain so until reaching the distance. | ||
# The traveller must not cross his hometown anywhere within the mentioned distance; neither should he remain somewhere ten days or more. | # The traveller must not cross his hometown anywhere within the mentioned distance; neither should he remain somewhere ten days or more. | ||
# The traveller must not travel for Haram purposes. | # The traveller must not travel for [[Haram (forbidden)|Haram]] purposes. | ||
# The traveller must not be of nomads who mostly travel. | # The traveller must not be of nomads who mostly travel. | ||
# Travelling must not be his job. | # Travelling must not be his job. | ||
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==The Rulings of Shortened Prayer== | ==The Rulings of Shortened Prayer== | ||
* Any traveller with the abovementioned conditions must perform four Rak'a prayers in two Rak'as; thus, the ruling of shortening prayer does not apply in Fajr prayer (which is two Rak'as by itself) and Maghrib (which is three Rak'as). | * Any traveller with the abovementioned conditions must perform four Rak'a prayers in two Rak'as; thus, the ruling of shortening prayer does not apply in [[Fajr prayer]] (which is two Rak'as by itself) and [[Maghrib Prayer|Maghrib]] (which is three Rak'as). | ||
* During the time span for one prayer, like from noon to sunset for noon prayer, if a traveller performs his noon prayer in shortened form, and then arrives in his [[hometown]] before sunset, he is not required to redo the noon prayer in complete form; however, if he has not performed the noon prayer any time before arrival, he must perform it in complete form after arrival. | * During the time span for one prayer, like from noon to sunset for noon prayer, if a traveller performs his noon prayer in shortened form, and then arrives in his [[hometown]] before sunset, he is not required to redo the noon prayer in complete form; however, if he has not performed the noon prayer any time before arrival, he must perform it in complete form after arrival. | ||
* The [[Qada Prayer|Qada]] (making up missed prayers) of a shortened prayer must be performed in shortened form. | * The [[Qada' Prayer|Qada']] (making up missed prayers) of a shortened prayer must be performed in shortened form. | ||
==The Reason Behind Shortening Prayer in Travel== | ==The Reason Behind Shortening Prayer in Travel== | ||
Islamic practical laws are based on real good and evil, which are sometimes explained, and sometimes remain hidden to us. In some narrations, shortening of traveller's prayer (and breaking a traveller's fast) have been regarded as a gift and remission from God, because of different conditions, exhaustion and busyness during travels.<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 8, p. 520, Ḥadīth 11337.</ref> It has been stated in a narration by [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] from the [[Holy Prophet (s)]]: | Islamic practical laws are based on real good and evil, which are sometimes explained, and sometimes remain hidden to us. In some narrations, shortening of traveller's prayer (and breaking a traveller's fast) have been regarded as a gift and remission from God, because of different conditions, exhaustion and busyness during travels.<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 8, p. 520, Ḥadīth 11337.</ref> It has been stated in a narration by [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] from the [[Holy Prophet (s)]]: | ||
:::"Allah has bestowed a gift upon me and my nation, which has not been given to other nations …, breaking fast and shortening prayer in travel; therefor, whoever does not comply, has rejected Allah's gift. | :::"Allah has bestowed a gift upon me and my nation, which has not been given to other nations …, breaking fast and shortening prayer in travel; therefor, whoever does not comply, has rejected Allah's gift."<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 8, p. 520, Ḥadīth 11336.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
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*Yazdī, Sayyid Muḥammad Kāẓim al-. ''Al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā''. Qom: Muʾassisat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1420 AH. | *Yazdī, Sayyid Muḥammad Kāẓim al-. ''Al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā''. Qom: Muʾassisat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1420 AH. | ||
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[[fa:نماز شکسته]] | [[fa:نماز شکسته]] | ||
[[ur:نماز قصر]] | [[ur:نماز قصر]] | ||
[[id:Salat Qashar]] | [[id:Salat Qashar]] | ||
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[[Category:Prayer]] | [[Category:Prayer]] | ||
[[Category:Fiqh terminology]] | [[Category:Fiqh terminology]] | ||