Anonymous user
A'zam Mosque: Difference between revisions
Infobox, Links & Organizing the Text
imported>Saburi (navbox) |
imported>Kadeh (Infobox, Links & Organizing the Text) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{infobox mosque | |||
| | | title = A'zam Mosque | ||
| | | image = مسجد اعظم قم.jpg | ||
| | | image size = 220px | ||
| | | caption = <!-- use the {{coord}} template --> | ||
| | | location = [[Qom]] | ||
| | | coordinates = | ||
| | | islamic sect = | ||
| | | established = 1339 Sh/1960 | ||
| | | founder = [[Ayatollah Burujirdi]] | ||
| | | administration = Sayyid Muhammad Jawad 'Alawi Burujirdi | ||
| | | ownership = | ||
| architect = [[Husayn Lurzadeh]] | |||
| style = Active | |||
| capacity = | |||
| length = | |||
| width = | |||
| area = 12000 square meter | |||
| dome = 30 square meter | |||
| dome outer height = 15 meter | |||
| dome inner height = 35 meter | |||
| minarets = two | |||
| minaret height = 25 meter | |||
| materials = | |||
| constructor = | |||
| cost = | |||
| renovation = | |||
| website = | |||
| features =An important place for the classes of [[Seminary of Qom]] | |||
| below = | |||
}} | |||
'''Aʿzam mosque''' (Persian: {{ia|مسجد اعظم}}) in [[Qom]] is one the greatest [[mosque]] of [[Shi'ite]] Muslims which is located near the [[holy shrine of Lady Fatima al-Ma'suma (a)]]. The most crowded classes of [[seminary of Qom]] are held in this mosque. A'zam mosque was built by the support of [[Ayatollah Burujirdi]] and [[Husayn Lurzadeh]] was the architect of the mosque. | '''Aʿzam mosque''' (Persian: {{ia|مسجد اعظم}}) in [[Qom]] is one the greatest [[mosque]] of [[Shi'ite]] Muslims which is located near the [[holy shrine of Lady Fatima al-Ma'suma (a)]]. The most crowded classes of [[seminary of Qom]] are held in this mosque. A'zam mosque was built by the support of [[Ayatollah Burujirdi]] and [[Husayn Lurzadeh]] was the architect of the mosque. | ||
A number of significant political events took place in A'zam mosque including the speech of [[Imam Khomeini]] in 1964. This mosque is regarded as an important place where [[Islam]]ic teachings are taught and [[marja']]s hold their sessions there. In addition, [[congregational prayers]], important [[religion|religious]] ceremonies and [[funeral]] ceremonies of grand religious scholars are generally held in A'zam mosque. | A number of significant political events took place in A'zam mosque including the speech of [[Imam Khomeini]] in 1964. This mosque is regarded as an important place where [[Islam]]ic teachings are taught and [[marja']]s hold their sessions there. In addition, [[congregational prayers]], important [[religion|religious]] ceremonies and [[funeral]] ceremonies of grand religious scholars are generally held in A'zam mosque. | ||
This mosque covers twelve thousand square meters, it has four large space, a courtyard and a | This mosque covers twelve thousand square meters, it has four large space, a courtyard and a library. Ayatollah Burujirdi is buried in one of the entrances of this mosque. | ||
==Foundation== | ==Foundation== | ||
Ayatullah Burujirdi told Muhammad Taqi Falsafi that he had planned to buy the houses neighboring west and southwest of the holy shrine of [[Lady Fatima al-Ma'suma (a)]] to build a huge mosque. [[Seminary of Qom]], Astane square and a courtyard were situated around the holy shrine, which left only one side of the shrine with dark and old buildings which worried people. In addition, there was not a suitable place for performing [[congregational prayers]] and holding religious ceremonies in the shrine; therefore, [[Ayatullah Burujirdi]] decided to prepare the situation for building a grand mosque next to the shrine. As [[Muhammad Fadil | Ayatullah Burujirdi told Muhammad Taqi Falsafi that he had planned to buy the houses neighboring west and southwest of the holy shrine of [[Lady Fatima al-Ma'suma (a)]] to build a huge mosque. [[Seminary of Qom]], Astane square and a courtyard were situated around the holy shrine, which left only one side of the shrine with dark and old buildings which worried people. | ||
In addition, there was not a suitable place for performing [[congregational prayers]] and holding religious ceremonies in the shrine; therefore, [[Ayatullah Burujirdi]] decided to prepare the situation for building a grand mosque next to the shrine. As [[Muhammad Fadil Lankarani]] quoted, Ayatullah Burujirdi wanted to build a great mosque similar to [[Goharshad Mosque]] in [[Mashhad]] as he predicted Seminary of Qom would expand hugely, and it would be a better to have the required space near the holy shrine as a mosque. | |||
On eleventh of [[Dhu al-Qi'da]] 1373/12th July 1954, concurrent with the anniversary of birthday of [[Imam al-Rida (a)]] the building of A'zam Mosque started and it took six years to finish the building the mosque. Ayatullah Burujirdi paid a part of expenses and the rest was paid by people's charities. | |||
==Structural Features== | ==Structural Features== | ||
A'zam Mosque covers about twelve thousand square meters and its building is made by reinforced concrete which is among the most firmly strong Islamic religious buildings. It has four large seraglios, the one in the center covers | A'zam Mosque covers about twelve thousand square meters and its building is made by reinforced concrete which is among the most firmly strong Islamic religious buildings. It has four large seraglios, the one in the center covers four hundred square meters and the lateral seraglios are each nine hundred square meters, also there is another seraglio in northern side which is three hundred square meters; the height of its ceiling is ten meters. The lavatories and servants' room are located on its western side. A library with two halls and a storage is located on its western side as well. | ||
The mosque is built according to Islamic architecture. It has a giant dome with a diameter of thirty meters and its height from the roof is fifteen meters and from the ground is thirty five meters. The mosque has also two tall [[minarets]] with the height of twenty five meters from the ground. A tower watch is located on the northern side which can be seen from all the angles. | The mosque is built according to Islamic architecture. It has a giant dome with a diameter of thirty meters and its height from the roof is fifteen meters and from the ground is thirty five meters. The mosque has also two tall [[minarets]] with the height of twenty five meters from the ground. A tower watch is located on the northern side which can be seen from all the angles. | ||
| Line 29: | Line 52: | ||
In the aspect of decoration and tiling of Islamic artistic features, A'zam mosque is quiet an amazing example in recent century. All the carpets in the mosque are made in Kerman particularly for A'zam mosque. The expenses of this mosque are paid by people and businessmen. It is estimated that it cost sixty to one hundred billion Rials to build the mosque. | In the aspect of decoration and tiling of Islamic artistic features, A'zam mosque is quiet an amazing example in recent century. All the carpets in the mosque are made in Kerman particularly for A'zam mosque. The expenses of this mosque are paid by people and businessmen. It is estimated that it cost sixty to one hundred billion Rials to build the mosque. | ||
[[File:کتابخانه آیت الله بروجردی.JPG|250px|thumbnail|Manuscripts in the library of A'zam Mosques]] | |||
==Library== | ==Library== | ||
At first, Sayyid Husayn Burujirdi planned to build an independent library in [[Qom]] which was not successful. After the building of A'zam Mosque was finished, religious scholars of Qom proposed Ayatullah Burujirdi to build a library for the mosque. Then he asked Husayn Lorzadeh, the architect of the mosque, to build a great public library for the mosque. | |||
At first, Sayyid Husayn Burujirdi planned to build an independent library in [[Qom]] which was not successful. After the building of A'zam Mosque was finished, religious scholars of Qom proposed Ayatullah Burujirdi to build a library for the mosque. Then he asked Husayn Lorzadeh, the architect of the mosque, to build a great public library for the mosque. The library as built in western side of the mosque which contains 7096 manuscripts, | |||
The library as built in western side of the mosque which contains 7096 manuscripts, eight thousand lithography, two hundred typography and over 660 graphical books as well as [[Manual of fatwas]] and Seminary books of [[Qajar]] era. Today Sayyid Muhammad Jawad 'Alawi Burujirdi, a descendant of Ayatullah Burujirdi, is holding the trusteeship of the library which is administrated by [[Seminary of Qom]]. | |||
[[File:مقبره آیت الله بروجردی.jpg|250px|thumbnail|Grave of [[Ayatullah Burujirdi]]]] | |||
==The Burial Place of Ayatullah Burujirdi== | ==The Burial Place of Ayatullah Burujirdi== | ||
The grave of Ayatullah Burujirdi is located on the western side of A'zam mosque. According to Muhammad Jawad 'Alawi Burujirdi, it was previously a sixty square meter house bought by Ayatullah Burujirdi; he specified his burial place and the rest of the house was dedicated to A'zam Mosque. He wanted to be buried in the hallway were pilgrims would pass to enter the holy shrine so that the dust of their shoes would lay on his grave. | The grave of Ayatullah Burujirdi is located on the western side of A'zam mosque. According to Muhammad Jawad 'Alawi Burujirdi, it was previously a sixty square meter house bought by Ayatullah Burujirdi; he specified his burial place and the rest of the house was dedicated to A'zam Mosque. He wanted to be buried in the hallway were pilgrims would pass to enter the holy shrine so that the dust of their shoes would lay on his grave. | ||
==Trusteeship== | ==Trusteeship== | ||
According to Waqf (endowment) document of the mosque, the trusteeship of A'zam Mosque and other endowed properties were held by the founder, [[Ayatullah Burujirdi]]. After the demise of Ayatullah Burujirdi, Sayyid Muhammad Hasan Tabataba'i was holding the trusteeship 1340-1356/1961-1972; in that time some construction deficiencies were repaired. Then Sayyid Sadiq Tabataba'i Burujirdi was holding the trusteeship for | According to [[Waqf]] (endowment) document of the mosque, the trusteeship of A'zam Mosque and other endowed properties were held by the founder, [[Ayatullah Burujirdi]]. After the demise of Ayatullah Burujirdi, Sayyid Muhammad Hasan Tabataba'i was holding the trusteeship 1340-1356/1961-1972; in that time some construction deficiencies were repaired. Then Sayyid Sadiq Tabataba'i Burujirdi was holding the trusteeship for twenty seven years. During that time, there were disagreements on the management of A'zam Mosque. Since 2004 the trusteeship was given to Sayyid Muhammad Baqir Tabataba'i who held meeting with descendants of Ayatullah Burujirdi and the trusteeship was given to, Sayyid Muhammad Jawad 'Alawi Burujirdi. | ||
==Significant Historical Events== | ==Significant Historical Events== | ||
[[Imam al-Khumayni]] gave a speech in A'zam Mosque in 1343/1964. | *[[Imam al-Khumayni]] gave a speech in A'zam Mosque in 1343/1964. | ||
Meeting of Muhammad Reza Pahlavi and Ayatullah Sayyid Husayn Burujirdi in 1958. | *Meeting of Muhammad Reza Pahlavi and Ayatullah Sayyid Husayn Burujirdi in 1958. | ||
The critical speech of Muhammad Sadiq Tihrani against Muhammad Reza Pahlavi in anniversary of demise of Ayatullah Burujirdi in 1962. | *The critical speech of Muhammad Sadiq Tihrani against Muhammad Reza Pahlavi in anniversary of demise of Ayatullah Burujirdi in 1962. | ||
Conflicts between supporters of Imam al-Khumayni and Ayatullah [[Sayyid Kazim Shari'tmadari]] in 1966. | *Conflicts between supporters of Imam al-Khumayni and Ayatullah [[Sayyid Kazim Shari'tmadari]] in 1966. | ||
Speech of Ayatullah 'Abd Allah Jawadi Amuli in rejecting Ayatullah [[Husayn 'Ali Muntaziri]]'s speech. | *Speech of Ayatullah 'Abd Allah Jawadi Amuli in rejecting Ayatullah [[Husayn 'Ali Muntaziri]]'s speech. | ||
Strike of a number of clergymen in A'zam Mosque against the cultural policies of the government in 1999. | *Strike of a number of clergymen in A'zam Mosque against the cultural policies of the government in 1999. | ||
Collective demonstration of [[Marja']]s and religious scholars of [[Seminary of Qom]] in A'zam Mosque to condemn the destruction of holy shrine of [[Imam 'Ali b. Muhammad (a)]] and [[Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari]] in 2005. | *Collective demonstration of [[Marja']]s and religious scholars of [[Seminary of Qom]] in A'zam Mosque to condemn the destruction of holy shrine of [[Imam 'Ali b. Muhammad (a)]] and [[Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari]] in 2005. | ||
==Seminary classes of Marja's== | ==Seminary classes of Marja's== | ||
A'zam Mosque is regarded among the important places where classes of [[Seminary of Qom]] are held. [[Husayn Wahid Khurasani]], [[ | A'zam Mosque is regarded among the important places where classes of [[Seminary of Qom]] are held. [[Husayn Wahid Khurasani]], [[Nasir Makarim Shirazi]], [[Ja'far Subhani]], [[Sayyid Musa Shubayri Zanjani]], [[Husayn Nuri Hamadani]], [['Abd Allah Jawadi Amuli]] hold their seminary sessions in this mosque. Previously a number of other [[Marja']]s were holding their classes as well. | ||
==Ceremonies== | ====Ceremonies==== | ||
Today A'zm Mosque is the most important place where political and religious ceremonies are held in [[Qom]]; also the funeral ceremonies of religious scholars are held here. Every year [[I'tikaf]] is performed in A'zam mosque in [[Rajab]] and [[Ramadan]] months. | Today A'zm Mosque is the most important place where political and religious ceremonies are held in [[Qom]]; also the funeral ceremonies of religious scholars are held here. Every year [[I'tikaf]] is performed in A'zam mosque in [[Rajab]] and [[Ramadan]] months. | ||
| Line 65: | Line 91: | ||
{{Qom}} | {{Qom}} | ||
[[fa:مسجد اعظم قم]] | [[fa:مسجد اعظم قم]] | ||
<onlyinclude>{{#ifeq:{{{section|editorial box}}}|editorial box|{{Editorial Box | |||
| priority = c | |||
| quality = b | |||
| links =done | |||
| photo =done | |||
| categories =done | |||
| infobox =done | |||
| navbox = done | |||
| redirects=done | |||
| references = | |||
| good article = | |||
| featured article = | |||
}}}}</onlyinclude> | |||
[[Category:Mosques]] | [[Category:Mosques]] | ||