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{{Shi'a Beliefs-Vertical}} | {{Shi'a Beliefs-Vertical}} | ||
'''Al-Marjaʿīyya al-Dīnīyya''' (Arabic: {{ia|المَرجَعیّة الدینیة}}, literally: religious authority) or '''Marjaʿ''' (Arabic: {{ia|مرجع}}) is a [[mujtahid]] whose [[fatwa]]s about [[Fiqh|jurisprudential]] issues are followed and acted upon by some [[Shi'a]]s and who receives [[al-wujuhat al-shar'iyya]] (judicial alms) from his followers. Al-Marja'iyya is the highest religious ranking for [[Twelver Shi'a]]s. The position is not held by appointment. The Shi'as usually | '''Al-Marjaʿīyya al-Dīnīyya''' (Arabic: {{ia|المَرجَعیّة الدینیة}}, literally: religious authority) or '''Marjaʿ''' (Arabic: {{ia|مرجع}}) is a [[mujtahid]] whose [[fatwa]]s about [[Fiqh|jurisprudential]] issues are followed and acted upon by some [[Shi'a]]s and who receives [[al-wujuhat al-shar'iyya]] (judicial alms) from his followers. Al-Marja'iyya is the highest religious ranking for [[Twelver Shi'a]]s. The position is not held by appointment. The Shi'as usually make inquiries about the person who qualifies as an authority by consulting with religious scholars and clergies. The most crucial condition for qualifying for al-Marja'iyya is [[a'lamiyya|scholarly superiority]] to other mujtahids. The followers of al-Marja'iyya are called his "Muqallids" (followers). Jurisprudential views of al-Marja'iyya are usually collected in a book known as [[al-Risalat al-'Amaliyya]] (book of fatwas). | ||
Given the geographical distribution of the [[Shiite]] population, several mujtahids usually undertake the position of Marja'iyya in each period, and in very few cases, one mujtahid is considered by the majority of the Shi'as in the world as the absolute authority. These mujtahids are usually referred to by honorary titles, such as Grand Ayatollah and [[Ayatollah]]. Most of the Shiite authorities were based in [[Iraq]] ([[Najaf]], [[Karbala]], and [[Samarra]]) and [[Iran]] ([[Qom]], [[Mashhad]], [[Isfahan]], and [[Tehran]]). | Given the geographical distribution of the [[Shiite]] population, several mujtahids usually undertake the position of Marja'iyya in each period, and in very few cases, one mujtahid is considered by the majority of the Shi'as in the world as the absolute authority. These mujtahids are usually referred to by honorary titles, such as Grand Ayatollah and [[Ayatollah]]. Most of the Shiite authorities were based in [[Iraq]] ([[Najaf]], [[Karbala]], and [[Samarra]]) and [[Iran]] ([[Qom]], [[Mashhad]], [[Isfahan]], and [[Tehran]]). | ||