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[[File:The Four Books 1.jpg|thumbnail|250px|The Four Books]] | [[File:The Four Books 1.jpg|thumbnail|250px|The Four Books]] | ||
'''The Four Books''', (Arabic:{{iarabic| الکتب الأربعة / الأصول الأربعة}}), are the four main collections of [[hadith]] which, after the [[Qur'an]], form the basis of [[Shi'a]] beliefs and practices. The Four Books are ''[[al-Kafi]]'', ''[[Tahdhib al-ahkam]]'', ''[[ | '''The Four Books''', (Arabic:{{iarabic| الکتب الأربعة / الأصول الأربعة}}), are the four main collections of [[hadith]] which, after the [[Qur'an]], form the basis of [[Shi'a]] beliefs and practices. The Four Books are ''[[al-Kafi]]'', ''[[Tahdhib al-ahkam]]'', ''[[al-Istibsar]]'' and ''[[Man la yahduruh al-faqih]]''. | ||
== ''Al-Kafi'' == | == ''Al-Kafi'' == | ||
''Al-Kafi'' was compiled by [[Al-Kulayni|Abu | {{main|al-Kafi}} | ||
''Al-Kafi'' was compiled by [[Al-Kulayni|Abu Ja'far Muhammad b. Ya'qub Kulayni]] (d. [[329]]/941) during [[the Minor Occultation]] period. It contains 16,000 [[hadith]] which are divided into the three general sections of ''usul'', ''furu''', and ''rawdah''. ''Usul'' contains hadith related to beliefs, ''furu''' contains hadith concerning ''[[fiqh]]'', and ''rawdah'' contains hadith pertaining to ''[[akhlaq]]'' and morality.<ref> Modir Shanehchi, ''Tarikh-i Hadith'', p. 116 - 119.</ref> | |||
== ''Man la yahduruh al- | == ''Man la yahduruh al-faqih'' == | ||
This work was compiled by [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]], Abu | {{main|Man la yahduruh al-faqih}} | ||
This work was compiled by [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]], Abu Ja'far Muhammad b. 'Ali b. al-Husayn b. Babawayh al-Qummi (d. [[381]]/991). | |||
It contains 6,000 hadith related to ''[[fiqh]]'' and practical rulings - all of which al-Saduq deemed as authentic and used as the basis for his ''[[fatwa|fatwas]]''. <ref> Modir Shanehchi. ''Tarikh-i Hadith''. p. 130 - 135.</ref> | It contains 6,000 hadith related to ''[[fiqh]]'' and practical rulings - all of which al-Saduq deemed as authentic and used as the basis for his ''[[fatwa|fatwas]]''. <ref> Modir Shanehchi. ''Tarikh-i Hadith''. p. 130 - 135.</ref> | ||
== ''Tahdhib al- | == ''Tahdhib al-ahkam'' == | ||
This hadith collection was compiled by [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi|Shaykh al- | {{main|Tahdhib al-ahkam}} | ||
Al-Shaykh al-Tusi compiled this work by the order of [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] as a commentary to al- | This hadith collection was compiled by [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi|Shaykh al-Ta'ifah Abu Ja'far Muhammad b. al-Hasan al-Tusi]] (d. [[460]]/1067). The hadith it contains are also mainly related to [[fiqh]]. | ||
Al-Shaykh al-Tusi compiled this work by the order of [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] as a commentary to al-Mufid's ''[[al-Muqni'a]]''. | |||
In it, al-Tusi discusses rulings of ''[[fiqh]]'' ranging from ''[[taharah]]'' to ''diyat''. The order of the book's content is the same as that of [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]]'s ''al-Muqni'ah''. | In it, al-Tusi discusses rulings of ''[[fiqh]]'' ranging from ''[[taharah]]'' to ''diyat''. The order of the book's content is the same as that of [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]]'s ''al-Muqni'ah''. | ||
It contains 393 chapters and a total of 13,590 hadith. | It contains 393 chapters and a total of 13,590 hadith. | ||
There is a section on ''mashikhah'' at the end of this book which includes al- | There is a section on ''mashikhah'' at the end of this book which includes al-Tusi's chain of authorities for the sources he used.<ref> Modir Shanehchi. ''Tarikh-i Hadith''. p. 138 - 140.</ref> | ||
== ''Al-Istibsar | == ''Al-Istibsar'' == | ||
{{main|al-Istibsar}} | |||
This hadith collection was compiled by [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] after ''Tahdhib al-ahkam'' in response to requests from some of his students. It consists of 5,511 hadith.<ref> Modir Shanehchi. ''Tarikh-i Hadith''. p. 148 - 150.</ref> | This hadith collection was compiled by [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] after ''Tahdhib al-ahkam'' in response to requests from some of his students. It consists of 5,511 hadith.<ref> Modir Shanehchi. ''Tarikh-i Hadith''. p. 148 - 150.</ref> | ||
In this work he has collected only those hadith relating to ''[[fiqh]]'' which apparently contradict each other. Like other ''fiqh'' references, the categorization of topics in this book begins with ''[[taharah]]'' and ends with ''[[diyat]]''. Under each topic, he first mentions the hadith he regards as authentic, then mentions the ones that apparently contradict them, and finally, attempts to harmonize them. | In this work he has collected only those hadith relating to ''[[fiqh]]'' which apparently contradict each other. Like other ''fiqh'' references, the categorization of topics in this book begins with ''[[taharah]]'' and ends with ''[[diyat]]''. Under each topic, he first mentions the hadith he regards as authentic, then mentions the ones that apparently contradict them, and finally, attempts to harmonize them. | ||
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* ''[[Man la yahduruh al-faqih]]'' | * ''[[Man la yahduruh al-faqih]]'' | ||
* ''[[Tahdhib al-ahkam]]'' | * ''[[Tahdhib al-ahkam]]'' | ||
* ''[[Al-Istibsar fi ma | * ''[[Al-Istibsar fi ma khtulif min al-akhbar]]'' | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{notes}} | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
*The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/کتب_اربعه کتب اربعه] in Farsi Wikishia. | *The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/کتب_اربعه کتب اربعه] in Farsi Wikishia. | ||
*Modir Shanehchi, Kazim, ''Tarikh-i Hadith'', Samt Publication, Tehran, 1419/1998. | *Modir Shanehchi, Kazim, ''Tarikh-i Hadith'', Samt Publication, Tehran, 1419/1998. | ||