Anonymous user
Mecca: Difference between revisions
partially added references
imported>Rafati No edit summary |
imported>Nazarzadeh (partially added references) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{coord|21.3891|39.8579|display=title}} | |||
[[File:نمایی از شهر مکه و برج ساعت.jpg|thumbnail|Mecca and [[Masjid al-Haram]]]] | [[File:نمایی از شهر مکه و برج ساعت.jpg|thumbnail|Mecca and [[Masjid al-Haram]]]] | ||
{{Islam-vertical}} | {{Islam-vertical}} | ||
| Line 8: | Line 9: | ||
==Popularity== | ==Popularity== | ||
The famous name of this city is Mecca | The famous name of this city is Mecca. The name is also mentioned in the [[Quran]]: | ||
"It is He who withheld their hands from you, and your hands from them, in the valley of Makkah, after He had given you victory over them." | "It is He who withheld their hands from you, and your hands from them, in the valley of Makkah, after He had given you victory over them."<ref>Quran 48:24</ref> | ||
===Naming=== | ===Naming=== | ||
| Line 20: | Line 21: | ||
* Mecca is originally derived from Mukraba from the term Muqrab which means a place in which people seek taqarrub (nearness) to God. | * Mecca is originally derived from Mukraba from the term Muqrab which means a place in which people seek taqarrub (nearness) to God. | ||
* Mecca is derived from the term Makak meaning perish or decline, and Mecca is a place that every tyrant who wants to harm the city will be definitely perished. | * Mecca is derived from the term Makak meaning perish or decline, and Mecca is a place that every tyrant who wants to harm the city will be definitely perished. | ||
* Mecca is derived from Mak meaning attraction, which means people of all regions are drawn to this land. | * Mecca is derived from Mak meaning attraction, which means people of all regions are drawn to this land.<ref>Jaʿfarī, "Nām-hā-yi shahr-i Makka", p. 205-222</ref> | ||
===Other Names=== | ===Other Names=== | ||
| Line 28: | Line 29: | ||
* Balad al-Amin: Consider the fig and the olive, and Mount Sinai, and this land secure!.<ref>Qur'an 95:1-3</ref> | * Balad al-Amin: Consider the fig and the olive, and Mount Sinai, and this land secure!.<ref>Qur'an 95:1-3</ref> | ||
* Umm al-Qura: … may warn the people living in the Mother City (Makka) and those who live around her.<ref>Qur'an 6:92</ref> | * Umm al-Qura: … may warn the people living in the Mother City (Makka) and those who live around her.<ref>Qur'an 6:92</ref> | ||
* Al-Balad al-Haram. | * Al-Balad al-Haram.<ref>Jaʿfarī, "Nām-hā-yi shahr-i Makka", p. 205-222</ref> | ||
==General Information== | ==General Information== | ||
===Geographical Location=== | ===Geographical Location=== | ||
Mecca is the most important and holiest city in [[Hijaz]]. This city is located 80 km from the Red Sea at 21.3891˚ N, 39.8579˚. It is at a height of 330 meters above the sea level. | Mecca is the most important and holiest city in [[Hijaz]]. This city is located 80 km from the Red Sea at 21.3891˚ N, 39.8579˚. It is at a height of 330 meters above the sea level.<ref>Jaʿfarīyān, ‘’Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna’’, 1384Sh, p. 32-33</ref> | ||
===Economy=== | ===Economy=== | ||
Before the emergence of Islam, Mecca was important for having Ka'ba and for being on the way of merchants who traveled from from [[Yemen]] to [[Syria]], [[Palestine]] and [[Egypt]]; they did trades in Mecca. Although [[Quraysh]] were conducting their trades only in Mecca, [[Hashim b. 'Abd Manaf]] started developing trading with regions around Mecca. Hashim and his brother, 'Abd Shams and | Before the emergence of Islam, Mecca was important for having Ka'ba and for being on the way of merchants who traveled from from [[Yemen]] to [[Syria]], [[Palestine]] and [[Egypt]]; they did trades in Mecca. Although [[Quraysh]] were conducting their trades only in Mecca,<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ‘’Tārīkh Yaʿqūbī’’, 1988, p. 242</ref> [[Hashim b. 'Abd Manaf]] started developing trading with regions around Mecca. Hashim and his brother, 'Abd Shams and Nawfal managed to attain permission for doing trades from the rulers of Syria, Yemen, [[Abyssinia]] and [[Iraq]]. Then Mecca turned into a prominent trading city.<ref>Jawād ʿAlī, ‘’al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīkh al-ʿArab qabl al-Islām’’, 1970, p. 21; Yaʿqūbī, ‘’Tārīkh Yaʿqūbī’’, 1988, p. 242; Ṭabarī, ‘’Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī’’, 1968, vol. 2, p. 251-252</ref> Quraysh merchants gathered around mostly in a market called 'Akkaz near [['Arafat]] during [[Dhu l-Qa'da]].<ref>Azraqī, ‘’Akhbār Makka’’, Rawāʾiʿ al-turāth al-ʿArabī, vol. 1, p. 382. Qazwīnī, ‘’Athār al-bilād wa akhbār al-ʿibād’’, Dār Ṣādir, p. 85</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
| Line 41: | Line 42: | ||
According to narrations, the significant religious events before the emergence of Islam in Mecca were: | According to narrations, the significant religious events before the emergence of Islam in Mecca were: | ||
* '''Building Ka'ba:''' Prophet [[Ibrahim]] (a), following the order of God, built [[Ka'ba]] with the help of his son, [[Isma'il]]. However there are different narrations on the first time that Ka'ba was built, some stated that Ka'ba was built even before the creation of [[Adam (a)]]. | * '''Building Ka'ba:''' Prophet [[Ibrahim]] (a), following the order of God, built [[Ka'ba]] with the help of his son, [[Isma'il]].<ref>Ibn Athīr, ‘’al-Kāmil’’, 1407AH, vol. 1, p. 81-82; Ibn Athīr, ‘’al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya’’, 1997, vol. 1, p. 378; Ṭabarī, ‘’Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī’’, 1968, vol. 2, p. 251</ref> However there are different narrations on the first time that Ka'ba was built, some stated that Ka'ba was built even before the creation of [[Adam (a)]].<ref>Azraqī, ‘’Akhbār Makka’’, Rawāʾiʿ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, vol. 1, p. 68</ref> | ||
* '''Abraha's Raid:''' Abraha the ruler of [[Yemen]], attacked Mecca in order to destroy Ka'ba in 571 with an army of elephants. But when they arrived near Mecca birds came from the sky and dropped stones on their heads and perished their troops. | * '''Abraha's Raid:''' Abraha the ruler of [[Yemen]], attacked Mecca in order to destroy Ka'ba in 571 with an army of elephants. But when they arrived near Mecca birds came from the sky and dropped stones on their heads and perished their troops.<ref>Ibn Athīr, ‘’al-Kāmil’’, 1407AH, vol. 1, p. 342-345</ref> | ||
* '''Birth of Prophet Muhammad (s):''' [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] was born on 17th or 12th of [[Rabi' I]] in the first year of [[Am al-Fil]] (569 or 570) in Mecca. | * '''Birth of Prophet Muhammad (s):''' [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] was born on 17th or 12th of [[Rabi' I]] in the first year of [[Am al-Fil]] (569 or 570) in Mecca.<ref>Shahīdī, ‘’Tārīkh-i taḥlīlī-yi Islām’’, 1390Sh, p. 37; Āyatī, ‘’Tārīkh-i Payāmbar-i Islām’’, 1378 Sh, p.43</ref> | ||
* '''Birth of 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) inside Ka'ba:''' [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] was born on Friday, 13th of [[Rajab]] in 30th year of 'Am al-Fil in Ka'ba. He is the only person who was born inside Ka'ba; this narrations is also stated in a number of [[Sunni]] sources. Based on ''al-Mustadrak 'ala al-sahihayn'' considering [[Mutawatir]] narrations, 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) was born inside Ka'ba by [[Fatima bt. Asad]]. | * '''Birth of 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) inside Ka'ba:''' [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] was born on Friday, 13th of [[Rajab]] in 30th year of 'Am al-Fil in Ka'ba. He is the only person who was born inside Ka'ba;<ref>Mufīd, ‘’al-Irshād’’, 1416 AH, vol. 1, p. 5</ref> this narrations is also stated in a number of [[Sunni]] sources. Based on ''al-Mustadrak 'ala al-sahihayn'' considering [[Mutawatir]] narrations, 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) was born inside Ka'ba by [[Fatima bt. Asad]]. | ||
===In Islamic Era=== | ===In Islamic Era=== | ||
| Line 226: | Line 227: | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/مکه مکه] in Farsi WikiShia. | * The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/مکه مکه] in Farsi WikiShia. | ||
* Jaʿfarī, Yaʿqūb. "Nām-hā-yi shahr-i Makka". ''Mīqāt-i ḥajj'', no. 2, winter 1371Sh. | |||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
{{Holy Places}} | {{Holy Places}} | ||
{{Saudi Arabia}} | {{Saudi Arabia}} | ||