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Mecca: Difference between revisions
→The Situation of Shi'ite Muslims in Mecca
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==The Situation of Shi'ite Muslims in Mecca== | ==The Situation of Shi'ite Muslims in Mecca== | ||
[[File:شیخ بدر الطالب روحانی معترض شیعه در مکه.jpg|250px|thumbnail|Al-Shaykh Badr al-Talib]] | [[File:شیخ بدر الطالب روحانی معترض شیعه در مکه.jpg|250px|thumbnail|Al-Shaykh Badr al-Talib]] | ||
Appearance of the local autonomous Shi'ite rule of Banu al-Hasan over Mecca perfectly shows the situation of Shi'ism in this city. In 10/631. Mecca was the center of Shi'ism as [[Ibn Hajar al-Haytami]] stated that his purpose in writing ''al-Sawa'iq al-muhrriqa'' was expansion and growth of Shi'ite Muslims in Mecca. Ibn Jubayr (b. 540/1145 - d. 614/1217) stated in his travel account that in his journey to Mecca, the Emir of the city declared the start of [[Ramadan]] month based on religious rules of Alavi Shi'ites. He has also stated that a special place was given to [[Zaydiyya]] Shi'ites in [[Masjid al-Haram]] for performing [[congregational prayers]]. Ibn Jubayr also called Sharifs of Mecca Zaydiyya who recited the verse "Hayya 'ala Khayr al-'Amal" in their [[Adhan]]. Some travel accounts stated that the influence of Shi'ites declined in the next centuries in Mecca. Muhammad Husayn Farahani who performed [[Hajj]] in 1302/1885 said that the number of Shi'ite Muslims in mecca were very few who mostly worked as guides for Hajj pilgrims. Ayazkhan Qashqai who visited Mecca in 1341/1923 stated that Shi'ites did not need to exercise [[Taqiyya]] in order to perform their religious rituals in [[Jeddah]], Mecca and [[Medina]]; they could freely express their religious affiliation as well. | Appearance of the local autonomous Shi'ite rule of Banu al-Hasan over Mecca perfectly shows the situation of Shi'ism in this city.<ref>R. MORTEL, ''Zaydi shiism and the Hasanid Sharifs of Mecca'', p. 455-472.</ref> In 10/631. Mecca was the center of Shi'ism as [[Ibn Hajar al-Haytami]] stated that his purpose in writing ''al-Sawa'iq al-muhrriqa'' was expansion and growth of Shi'ite Muslims in Mecca.<ref>Marco Salati, ''Tārīkh-i tashayyuʿ dar Makka'', p. 66.</ref> Ibn Jubayr (b. 540/1145 - d. 614/1217) stated in his travel account that in his journey to Mecca, the Emir of the city declared the start of [[Ramadan]] month based on religious rules of Alavi Shi'ites.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ''Tadhkīr bi akhbār an ittifāqāt al-amṣār'', p. 187.</ref> He has also stated that a special place was given to [[Zaydiyya]] Shi'ites in [[Masjid al-Haram]] for performing [[congregational prayers]]. Ibn Jubayr also called Sharifs of Mecca Zaydiyya who recited the verse "Hayya 'ala Khayr al-'Amal" in their [[Adhan]].<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ''Tadhkīr bi akhbār an ittifāqāt al-amṣār'', p. 138, 139, 140.</ref> Some travel accounts stated that the influence of Shi'ites declined in the next centuries in Mecca. Muhammad Husayn Farahani who performed [[Hajj]] in 1302/1885 said that the number of Shi'ite Muslims in mecca were very few who mostly worked as guides for Hajj pilgrims.<ref>Jaʿfarīyān, ''Panjāh safarnāma-yi ḥajj-i qajārī'', vol. 5, p. 203.</ref> Ayazkhan Qashqai who visited Mecca in 1341/1923 stated that Shi'ites did not need to exercise [[Taqiyya]] in order to perform their religious rituals in [[Jeddah]], Mecca and [[Medina]]; they could freely express their religious affiliation as well.<ref>Jaʿfarīyān, ''Panjāh safarnāma-yi ḥajj-i qajārī'', vol. 5, p. 395, 409.</ref> | ||
Sharifs of Mecca officially supported Zaydiyya at least until early | Sharifs of Mecca officially supported Zaydiyya at least until early 15th century.<ref>Zaynī Dahlān, ''Khulāṣat al-kalām fī bayān imrāʾ al-balad al-ḥarām'', vol. 2, p. 461.</ref> A number of travel account writers stated that Sharifs were Shi'ites but they hid their religion.<ref>Jaʿfarīyān, ''Panjāh safarnāma-yi ḥajj-i qajārī'', vol. 4, p. 776.</ref> Due to tensions posed from Mamluk rulers, Sharifs of Mecca were forced to become Shafi'i Muslims by which they completely separated from Zaydiyya.<ref>R. MORTEL, ''Zaydi shiism and the Hasanid Sharifs of Mecca'', p. 467-468.</ref> However, some sources stated that they always wanted to treat Shi'ites with tolerance and peace until the end of their rule.<ref>Jaʿfarīyān, ''Panjāh safarnāma-yi ḥajj-i qajārī'', vol. 5, p. 441.</ref> | ||
When [[Al Saud]] came to power, Shi'ites who were limited and scattered in Mecca were put under huge pressure and religious restrictions. [[Wahhabi]] muftis also issued [[fatwa]]s by which the life and properties of Shi'ites were put at risk. Gradually they were forced to exercise [[Taqiyya]] especially in Mecca where Shi'ites performed their religious rituals at home and behind closed doors while they acted as Sunni Muslims in public. | When [[Al Saud]] came to power, Shi'ites who were limited and scattered in Mecca were put under huge pressure and religious restrictions. [[Wahhabi]] muftis also issued [[fatwa]]s by which the life and properties of Shi'ites were put at risk. Gradually they were forced to exercise [[Taqiyya]] especially in Mecca where Shi'ites performed their religious rituals at home and behind closed doors while they acted as Sunni Muslims in public.<ref>[http://www.rohama.org/fa/content/1839 www.rohama.org]</ref> | ||
In the late 2012 Saudi soldiers arrested Shaykh Badr Al Talib and Shaykh Muhammad al-'Atiyya, two Shi'ite clergymen in Mecca and Jeddah. | In the late 2012 Saudi soldiers arrested Shaykh Badr Al Talib and Shaykh Muhammad al-'Atiyya, two Shi'ite clergymen in Mecca and Jeddah.<ref>[https://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/53603/یورش-وحشیانه-نیروهای-آل-سعود-به-منازل-شیعیان-تصویر Shi'a News Website (Persian)].</ref> | ||
==New Constructions== | ==New Constructions== | ||