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→The Historical Background of the Term, al-Kutub al-Arba'a
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According to Andrew Newman's report of Muhammad 'Ali Amirmu'izzi, [[al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli]] was the first person who used the term, "al-Kutub al-Arba'a", to refer to ''al-Kafi'', ''Tahdhib'', ''al-Istibsar'', and ''Man la yahdur''. However, it is said that he made a mistake in his translation of Amirmu'izzi's text. The original text suggests that al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli referred to these books as reliable sources of hadiths for Shi'as. The writings of al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli contain the word, al-Arba'a (the Four), but as he explicitly says in the preface of his ''[[al-Mu'tabar]]'', by "the Four" he means to refer to the four jurists, al-Shaykh al-Tusi, [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]], al-Sayyid al-Murtada, and al-Shaykh al-Saduq, and not the four books.<ref>Bāqirī, ''Chahār kitāb-i hadīthī Imāmīyya wa rawāj iṣtilāḥ al-kutub al-arbaʿa: naqdī bar dīdgāh Andrew Newman''</ref> | According to Andrew Newman's report of Muhammad 'Ali Amirmu'izzi, [[al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli]] was the first person who used the term, "al-Kutub al-Arba'a", to refer to ''al-Kafi'', ''Tahdhib'', ''al-Istibsar'', and ''Man la yahdur''. However, it is said that he made a mistake in his translation of Amirmu'izzi's text. The original text suggests that al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli referred to these books as reliable sources of hadiths for Shi'as. The writings of al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli contain the word, al-Arba'a (the Four), but as he explicitly says in the preface of his ''[[al-Mu'tabar]]'', by "the Four" he means to refer to the four jurists, al-Shaykh al-Tusi, [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]], al-Sayyid al-Murtada, and al-Shaykh al-Saduq, and not the four books.<ref>Bāqirī, ''Chahār kitāb-i hadīthī Imāmīyya wa rawāj iṣtilāḥ al-kutub al-arbaʿa: naqdī bar dīdgāh Andrew Newman''</ref> | ||
The author of the Persian paper, "The four hadith books of the Imamiyya and the common use of the term, al-Kutub al-Arba'a", takes [[al-Shahid al-Thani]] to be the first scholar who referred to the four books as "al-Kutub al-Arba'a". In 950/1543, he wrote a [[permission for the transmission of hadiths]], in which he used the phrase, "Kutub al-Hadith al-Arba'a" (the Four Books of hadiths). He then used the same phrase as well as the phrase, "al-Kutub al-Arba'a", in a number of other permissions.<ref>Bāqirī, ''Chahār kitāb-i hadīthī Imāmīyya wa rawāj iṣtilāḥ al-kutub al-arbaʿa: naqdī bar dīdgāh Andrew Newman''</ref> | The author of the Persian paper, "The four hadith books of the Imamiyya and the common use of the term, al-Kutub al-Arba'a", takes [[al-Shahid al-Thani]] to be the first scholar who referred to the four books as "al-Kutub al-Arba'a". In 950/1543-4, he wrote a [[permission for the transmission of hadiths]], in which he used the phrase, "Kutub al-Hadith al-Arba'a" (the Four Books of hadiths). He then used the same phrase as well as the phrase, "al-Kutub al-Arba'a", in a number of other permissions.<ref>Bāqirī, ''Chahār kitāb-i hadīthī Imāmīyya wa rawāj iṣtilāḥ al-kutub al-arbaʿa: naqdī bar dīdgāh Andrew Newman''</ref> | ||
According to this paper, in the same period of time, [[Husayn b. Abd al-Samad al-Amili]], [[al-Shaykh al-Baha'i]]'s father, added the book, ''Madinat al-'ilm'', by al-Shaykh al-Saduq to the Four Books, and used the phrase, "al-Usul al-Khamsa" (the Five Principles). However, the phrase did not come to be commonly used, perhaps because the book, ''Madinat al-'ilm'', was destroyed and unavailable to the next generations.<ref>Bāqirī, ''Chahār kitāb-i hadīthī Imāmīyya wa rawāj iṣtilāḥ al-kutub al-arbaʿa: naqdī bar dīdgāh Andrew Newman''</ref> | According to this paper, in the same period of time, [[Husayn b. Abd al-Samad al-Amili]], [[al-Shaykh al-Baha'i]]'s father, added the book, ''Madinat al-'ilm'', by al-Shaykh al-Saduq to the Four Books, and used the phrase, "al-Usul al-Khamsa" (the Five Principles). However, the phrase did not come to be commonly used, perhaps because the book, ''Madinat al-'ilm'', was destroyed and unavailable to the next generations.<ref>Bāqirī, ''Chahār kitāb-i hadīthī Imāmīyya wa rawāj iṣtilāḥ al-kutub al-arbaʿa: naqdī bar dīdgāh Andrew Newman''</ref> | ||
The first jurisprudential text in which the phrase, "al-Kutub al-Arba'a", was used is said to be [[al-Muhaqqiq al-Ardabili]]'s ''[[Majma' al-fa'ida]]'', the writing of which began in 977/1569 and was finished in 985/1577. Then it was respectively used in ''[[Zubdat al-bayan]]'' (written in 989/1581), ''[[Muntaqa l-juman]]'' (written in 1006/1597), and ''[[al-Wafiya fi usul al-fiqh|al-Wafiya]]'' (written in 1059/1649).<ref>Bāqirī, ''Chahār kitāb-i hadīthī Imāmīyya wa rawāj iṣtilāḥ al-kutub al-arbaʿa: naqdī bar dīdgāh Andrew Newman''</ref> | The first jurisprudential text in which the phrase, "al-Kutub al-Arba'a", was used is said to be [[al-Muhaqqiq al-Ardabili]]'s ''[[Majma' al-fa'ida]]'', the writing of which began in 977/1569-70 and was finished in 985/1577-8. Then it was respectively used in ''[[Zubdat al-bayan]]'' (written in 989/1581-2), ''[[Muntaqa l-juman]]'' (written in 1006/1597-8), and ''[[al-Wafiya fi usul al-fiqh|al-Wafiya]]'' (written in 1059/1649).<ref>Bāqirī, ''Chahār kitāb-i hadīthī Imāmīyya wa rawāj iṣtilāḥ al-kutub al-arbaʿa: naqdī bar dīdgāh Andrew Newman''</ref> | ||
==The Reliability of the Four Books== | ==The Reliability of the Four Books== | ||