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Imam Ali b. Abi Talib (a): Difference between revisions
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In [[36]]/[[656 CE|656]], [[Talha b. Ubayd Allah]] and [[Zubayr b. Awam]] broke their allegiance to Ali and headed to Mecca to join [[Aisha]], who had called for revenge against the murderers of Uthman. With their supporters, Aisha, Talha, and Zubayr left Mecca for Basra to start the [[Battle of the Camel]], the first civil war in the Muslim community. The battle broke out near [[Basra]] between Imam Ali (a) and the [[Nakithun]] (“Those Who Broke Their Allegiance”) and ended with the latter'a defeat. Talha and Zubayr were killed and A'isha was sent to Medina. The Imam (a) went to Basra and declared general amnesty. Then, in [[Rajab]] [[36]]/[[January]] [[657 CE|657]], he entered [[Kufa]] and made the city his capital. | In [[36]]/[[656 CE|656]], [[Talha b. Ubayd Allah]] and [[Zubayr b. Awam]] broke their allegiance to Ali and headed to Mecca to join [[Aisha]], who had called for revenge against the murderers of Uthman. With their supporters, Aisha, Talha, and Zubayr left Mecca for Basra to start the [[Battle of the Camel]], the first civil war in the Muslim community. The battle broke out near [[Basra]] between Imam Ali (a) and the [[Nakithun]] (“Those Who Broke Their Allegiance”) and ended with the latter'a defeat. Talha and Zubayr were killed and A'isha was sent to Medina. The Imam (a) went to Basra and declared general amnesty. Then, in [[Rajab]] [[36]]/[[January]] [[657 CE|657]], he entered [[Kufa]] and made the city his capital. | ||
In the same year, Imam Ali (a) called [[Mu'awiya]] to pledge his allegiance to him. When Mu'awiya rebelliously refused to recognize the Imam's caliphate, Imam Ali (a) decided to remove him from the governorship of Syria and embarked on a military expedition to [[Damascus]] against Mu'awiya in [[Shawwal]] [[36]]/[[April]] [[657 CE|657]]. Thus, a battle that took place between the two parties in an area called [[Siffin]] (hence the name "the [[Battle of Siffin]]") towards the end of the year [[36]]/[[657 CE|657]] and the beginning of [[37]]/[[657 CE|657]]. Some scholars maintain that unlike what al-Tabari and Ibn Athir have mentioned, the peak of the war was in [[38]]/ | In the same year, Imam Ali (a) called [[Mu'awiya]] to pledge his allegiance to him. When Mu'awiya rebelliously refused to recognize the Imam's caliphate, Imam Ali (a) decided to remove him from the governorship of Syria and embarked on a military expedition to [[Damascus]] against Mu'awiya in [[Shawwal]] [[36]]/[[March]]-[[April]] [[657 CE|657]]. Thus, a battle that took place between the two parties in an area called [[Siffin]] (hence the name "the [[Battle of Siffin]]") towards the end of the year [[36]]/[[657 CE|657]] and the beginning of [[37]]/[[657 CE|657]]. Some scholars maintain that unlike what al-Tabari and Ibn Athir have mentioned, the peak of the war was in [[38]]/658-9, not in [[Safar]] [[37]]/[[July]]-[[August]] [[657 CE|657]]. As the army of the Imam (a) was about to win the battle, [[Amr b. al-'As]] advised Mu'awiya to have his troops lift copies of the Qur'an on their lances and call the army of Ali (a) to the Quran's arbitration. Under the pressure of his army, the Imam (a) accepted the [[arbitration]] and was forced to introduce [[Abu Musa al-Ash'ari]] as the arbitrator from his side. However, shortly after the Imam's acceptance of the arbitration, a number of his troops objected to his decision and, referring to [[Qur'an 5:44]] and [[Qur'an 49:9|49:9]], demanded that the war with Mu'awiya should continue. They considered the acceptance of arbitration an act of [[apostasy]], from which they repented. While some of them were among the ones who had forced the Imam (a) to accept the arbitration, the objectors demanded that the Imam (a) also must repent and violate his agreements with Mu'awiya. The Imam (a) rejected their demands and announced that he would continue the war with the Syrian army if the two arbitrators did not arbitrate based on the Qur'an. | ||
During the arbitration, Amr b. al-'As, the arbitrator from Mu'awiya's side, deceived Abu Musa into announcing that they had agreed on the removal of both Mu'awiya and Ali (a) from power. When Abu Musa announced so, Amr rose and announced that he also removed Ali (a) from power but made Mu'awiya the sole ruler of the Muslim community. The Imam's (a) companions objected to the arbitration, and some of them, who later formed the first [[Kharijites]], considered the acceptance of the arbitration an act of apostasy, left the Imam's army, and gathered in [[Harura]] instead of returning to Kufa. | During the arbitration, Amr b. al-'As, the arbitrator from Mu'awiya's side, deceived Abu Musa into announcing that they had agreed on the removal of both Mu'awiya and Ali (a) from power. When Abu Musa announced so, Amr rose and announced that he also removed Ali (a) from power but made Mu'awiya the sole ruler of the Muslim community. The Imam's (a) companions objected to the arbitration, and some of them, who later formed the first [[Kharijites]], considered the acceptance of the arbitration an act of apostasy, left the Imam's army, and gathered in [[Harura]] instead of returning to Kufa. | ||