Culpable Ignorant: Difference between revisions

'''Culpable ignorant''' or '''al-jāhil al-muqaṣṣir''' (Arabic: {{ia|الجاهِل المُقَصِّر}}) is a person who does not know the rulings and obligations of the [[shari'a]] as a result of his own negligence and fault. According to Shiite scholars, a culpable ignorant will be punished in the [[hereafter]]. The [[fuqaha|jurists]] believe that worships performed by a culpable ignorant are acceptable if they happen to match the [[fatwa]]s of their [[marja']] or the de facto obligations.

In [[usul al-fiqh]], an ignorant (jahil) is said to be of two types: inculpable (al-jahil al-qasir) and culpable.<ref>Hāshimī Shāhrūdī, ''Farhang-i fiqh'', vol. 3, p. 153.</ref> A culpable ignorant is a person who does not know the rulings and obligations in the shari'a, although he had the power to learn them.<ref>Wilāyī, ''Farhang-i tashrīḥī'', vol. 1, p. 241.</ref>

==Worships==

Shiite jurists hold that worships done by a culpable ignorant are acceptable if they match the views of his or her marja' or the de facto obligation and are done with the [[intention of approaching God]] (qasd al-qurba).<ref>Najafī, ''Majmaʿ al-rasāʾil'', vol. 1, p. 41.</ref> [[faqihs|Jurists]] have appealed to certain [[hadith]]s to show that in two specific cases, the worships done by a culpable ignorant are acceptable even if they do not match his or her de facto obligations.<ref>''Farhangnāma-yi uṣūl-i fiqh'', vol. 1, p. 374.</ref> The two specific cases are as follows:

*The case in which he or she should perform a [[Qasr Prayer]] but performs it fully.

*The case in which he or she should say the prayer quietly but says it loudly, or vice versa (he or she should say the prayer loudly but says it quietly).<ref>''Farhangnāma-yi uṣūl-i fiqh'', vol. 1, p. 374.</ref>

==Punishment==

*The majority of jurists maintain that a culpable ignorant will be punished because of failing to do his or her de facto obligations.<ref>Mūsawī Bujnurdī, ''ʿIlm-i uṣūl'', p. 85.</ref>

*According to [[al-Muhaqqiq al-Ardabili]] and [[Sahib al-Madarik]], God will punish the culpable ignorant because he or she failed to learn the obligations, rather than failing to do his or her de facto obligations.<ref>Mūsawī Bujnurdī, ''ʿIlm-i uṣūl'', p. 86.</ref>

*[[Inculpable ignorant]]

*Group of authors. ''Farhangnāma-yi uṣūl-i fiqh''. Qom: Pazhūhishgāh-i ʿUlūm wa Farhang-i Islāmī, 1389 Sh.

{{Fiqh Terminology}}

 

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