Abu l-Qasim Ferdowsi: Difference between revisions

'''Abu l-Qasim Hasan Mansur''', known as '''Abu l-Qasim Ferdowsi''', was an Iranian poet and epicist of 4th century AH. He was born in [[329 AH/941]] in Paj, a village in [[Khurasan]] and passed away in [[411 AH/1020]]. One of his famous works is [[Shahnameh]], in which the lives of the kings of [[Iran]] are narrated in poems. Historians have reported that he spent all his wealth in this way, but his effort was not accepted by [[Shah Mahmud Ghaznavi]] and some sources considered it because of the religious opposition between Ferdowsi and Shah Mahmud. [[Sayyid Hasan Amin]] considered Ferdowsi's approach in composing Shahnameh, adopted from the [[Qur'an]]'s method. About Ferdowsi's religion, different views have been mentioned. [['Abd al-Jalil Qazwini]] was the first person who introduced Ferdowsi [[Shi'a]] in [[al-Naqd]].

Abu l-Qasim Hasan Mansur known as Abu l-Qasim Ferdowsi was an Iranian poet and epicist in 4th century AH. The date of his birth has been considered 329 AH/941 or 330 AH/942.

Ferdowsi was son of a peasant born in Paj, a village of [[Tus]]. He also had journeys to [[Baghdad]] and [[Mazandaran]]. According to Nizami ‘Aruzi, Ferdowsi was rich, but gradually spent his wealth and time for composing Shahnameh and toward the end of his life, he became poor and finally passed away in 411 AH/1020 at the age of 80 in his birth town.

Sayyid Hasan Amin wrote that at the time of Ferdowsi, some areas of Khorasan, especially Tus, Beyhaq, Paj and Tabiran, were Shi'a and thus, he did not consider it impossible for Ferdowsi to have inclinations toward Shi'a community at that time, and even he pointed about Fedowsi's titles such as [[Rafidi]], attributed to him. Amin mentioned the Shi'a region and atmosphere of Ferdowsi's living place, that people in that region supported Shi'a uprisings and other similar issues as evidences to suggest that he was Shi'a.

‘Abd al-Jalil Qazwini was the first person who mentioned in al-Naqd that Ferdowsi was [[Imami Shi'a]]. Later, [[Qadi Nurullah Shushtari]] too introduced him as Shi'a. However, some people such as Ibrahim Purdavud and his student, Mohammad Mo'in considered him Zoroastrian and Malik al-Shu'ara Bahar too considered him the reviver of Zoroastrian.

Mahdavi Damghani believed that it is impossible to find about a poet's religion by the number of his poems, except that he mentions a clear statement in them. He continued and said that Ferdowsi was Shi'a and there is no doubt about his religion.

One of the notable works of Ferdowsi is Shahnameh. Amin claimed that the manner of Shahnameh in composing poems is adopted from the Qur'an, while the eloquence of the Qur'an is higher. In Shahnameh, Ferdowsi has frequently spoken about culture and sought to link between the culture of Iran before and after Islam.

Ferdowsi decided to finish Daqiqi's work and turned the history Abu Mansur, the governor of Tus had written and included the history of kings of ancient Iran and the destiny of Iranian nation into poem. Therefore, the history of Abu Mansur known as Shahnameh Mansuri became the most important source for composing Shahnameh by Ferdowsi. He began it in 370 AH/990 and finished it in 400 AH/1009.

That I am the City of Knowledge and Ali (a) is the door to me

Correct this word of the Prophet is

The secret among the Companions, was Ali

That the Prophet (s) called Ali, the Master

Ferdowsi is mentioned among Persian poets who was inspired by the words of Imam Ali (a), especially by ''[[Nahj al-Balagha]]''. After Ferdowsi, one of the persons who was influenced by Ferdowsi was Ibn Hisam Khusfi, the author of Khavaran Nameh, which he composed under the influence of Shahnameh.

Toward the end of his life, when Ferdowsi lost his supports for continuing Shahnameh, as reported in the history, he decided to dedicate it to Shah Mahmud Ghaznavi; but, due to different reasons, it was not accepted by him including the ones below,

Religious disagreement between Ferdowsi who was Shi'a and composed poems about the Ahl al-Bayt (a) with Mahmud who was [[Sunni]].

Difference of opinions between Mahmud and Ferdowsi over racial, moral and national issues. Ferdowsi spoked harshly about Arabs and Turks who were among Mahmud's ancestors.

New designing and reconstruction of Ferdowsi's tomb in Tus was made by Hossein Lorzadeh and the poems of the tomb were written in calligraphy by 'Imad al-Kuttab.

  | categories =