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Marriage formula: Difference between revisions
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'''Sīgha''' or '''formula for marriage''' (Arabic: {{ia|صیغة النکاح}}) refers to phrases, by saying which a man and a woman enter the marriage contract. According to many Shi'a [[fiqh scholar]]s, the formula for marriage should be recited in correct Arabic. | |||
The formula for temporary marriage is the same as the formula for permanent marriage with the difference that in the formula for temporary marriage, in addition to dowry, the duration of marriage should also be mentioned. | The formula for [[temporary marriage]] is the same as the formula for [[permanent marriage]] with the difference that in the formula for temporary marriage, in addition to [[mahr|dowry]], the duration of marriage should also be mentioned. | ||
Sometimes, the formula for marriage is recited only for establishing mahram relationship | Sometimes, the formula for marriage is recited only for establishing mahram relationship without [[sexual benefit]] and it is called the formula for mahram relationship. There is a disagreement among fiqh scholars about the validity of such a formula. | ||
== Formula for Marriage == | == Formula for Marriage == | ||
Formula for marriage refers to phrases by which a man and a woman enter the marriage contract. Formula for marriage contract can only be established by verbal proposition and acceptance and mere consent by the heart is not sufficient. By proposition, a proposal for the marriage contract offered to another is meant; and acceptance is expressing consent about the proposal given for that contract. | Formula for marriage refers to phrases by which a man and a woman enter the marriage contract. Formula for marriage contract can only be established by verbal proposition and acceptance and mere consent by the heart is not sufficient. By proposition, a proposal for the marriage contract offered to another is meant; and acceptance is expressing consent about the proposal given for that contract. | ||
Words of proposition to be recited by the woman are: | Words of proposition to be recited by the woman are: "zawwajtuk-a"<ref>{{ia|زَوّجتُک}}</ref> or "ankahtuk-a"<ref>{{ia|أنکَحتُکَ}}</ref>. Some fiqh scholars have also considered "matta'tuka"<ref>{{ia|مَتَّعتُکَ}}</ref> acceptable. Words of acceptance to be recited by the man are: "qabilt-u al-tazwij" <ref>{{ia|قَبِلتُ التَزویج}}</ref>, "qabilt-u al-nikah"<ref>{{ia|قَبِلتُ النِّکاح}}</ref>, "qabilt-u al-tazwij-a wa l-nikah"<ref>{{ia|قَبِلتُ التَّزویجَ وَ النَّکاح}}</ref> or "tazawwajt-u"<ref>{{ia|تَزَوَّجتُ}}</ref>. | ||
== Types == | == Types == | ||
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=== Permanent === | === Permanent === | ||
In the permanent marriage, if the man and woman are to recite the formula, first the woman should say, | In the permanent marriage, if the man and woman are to recite the formula, first the woman should say, "Zawwajtuk-a nafsi ala l-sidaq al-ma'lum"<ref>{{ia|زَوَّجتُکَ نَفسی علی الصِداق المَعلوم}}</ref>, meaning "I married myself to you upon the known (specified) mahr". Then, the man should say, "qabilt-u al-tazwij ala al-sidaq al-ma'lum" {{ia|قَبِلتُ التَزویج علی الصِداق المَعلوم, meaning “I accepted the marriage upon the known (specified) dowry.” He might also only say, "qabilt-u-ttazwij” with the intention of marriage with known (specified) dowry. | ||
If the man and the woman choose two others as their advocates to recite the formula for marriage, and for example the name of the man is Ahmad and the name of the woman is Fatima, the woman’s advocate should say, “zawwajtu muwakkilati Fatima muwakkiluk-a Ahmad ‘ala-ssidaq al-ma’lum”, meaning “I made my client Fatima married to your client Ahmad upon the known (specified) dowry”. Then, the man’s advocate should say, “qabilt-u-ttazwij li muwakkili Ahmad ‘ala-ssidaq al-ma’lum” meaning “I accepted the marriage for my client Ahmad upon the known (specified) dowry.” | If the man and the woman choose two others as their advocates to recite the formula for marriage, and for example the name of the man is Ahmad and the name of the woman is Fatima, the woman’s advocate should say, “zawwajtu muwakkilati Fatima muwakkiluk-a Ahmad ‘ala-ssidaq al-ma’lum”, meaning “I made my client Fatima married to your client Ahmad upon the known (specified) dowry”. Then, the man’s advocate should say, “qabilt-u-ttazwij li muwakkili Ahmad ‘ala-ssidaq al-ma’lum” meaning “I accepted the marriage for my client Ahmad upon the known (specified) dowry.” | ||