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Al-Mushaf al-'Uthmani: Difference between revisions
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'''Al- | '''Al-Muṣḥaf al-ʿUthmānī''' (Arabic: {{ia|المصحف العثماني}}) is a manuscript of the [[Qur'an]], which was compiled at the command of [[Uthman b. Affan]]. It was called al-Mushaf al-Uthmani, or sometimes '''Mushaf al-Imam'''. The reason for the compilation of the mushaf was the existence of a variety of Quranic manuscripts among [[Muslim]]s and disputes over them. After the compilation of al-Mushaf al-Uthmani, other [[mushaf]]s or manuscripts were destroyed at the command of Uthman. On the majority view, compilers of al-Mushaf al-Uthmani were four people: [[Zayd b. Thabit]], [[Abd Allah b. Zubayr]], [[Sa'id b. 'As]], and Abd al-Rahman b. Harith. | ||
[[File:Mushaf uthmani.jpg|thumbnail|right|300px|A Photo of a manuscript of the [[Qur'an]] in Egypt which is alleged to be Ottoman Manuscript]] | [[File:Mushaf uthmani.jpg|thumbnail|right|300px|A Photo of a manuscript of the [[Qur'an]] in Egypt which is alleged to be Ottoman Manuscript]] | ||
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==Compilers== | ==Compilers== | ||
There are different accounts of who was in charge of the compilation of al-Mushaf al-Uthmani. On one account, only [[Zayd b. Thabit]] was in charge, but on another account, he and Sa'id b. al-As were involved in the work. On another account, the group consisted of the latter two in addition to [[Ubayy b. Ka'b|Ubayy]]<ref>Rāmyār, ''Tārīkh-i Qur'ān''', p. 417.</ref>. Yet there are also accounts that take five people or twelve people from the [[Quraysh]] and the [[Helpers]] to be in charge of the compilation | There are different accounts of who was in charge of the compilation of al-Mushaf al-Uthmani. On one account, only [[Zayd b. Thabit]] was in charge, but on another account, he and Sa'id b. al-As were involved in the work. On another account, the group consisted of the latter two in addition to [[Ubayy b. Ka'b|Ubayy]]<ref>Rāmyār, ''Tārīkh-i Qur'ān''', p. 417.</ref>. Yet there are also accounts that take five people or twelve people from the [[Quraysh]] and the [[Helpers]] to be in charge of the compilation<ref>Rāmyār, ''Tārīkh-i Qur'ān''', p. 419.</ref>. | ||
Some people take the most reliable account to be the one provided by [[Anas b. Malik]] and Aslam, an emancipated slave of [[Umar b. Khattab]], who cooperated with the compilation group<ref>See: Rāmyār, ''Tārīkh-i Qur'ān''', p. 417.</ref>. On this account, four people were in charge of the compilation: Zayd b. Thabit, [[Abd Allah b. Zubayr]], Sa'id b. al-As, and Abd al-Rahman b. Harith<ref>Rāmyār, ''Tārīkh-i Qur'ān''', p. 417</ref>.. [[Muhammad Hadi Ma'rifat]], a scholar of Quranic sciences and the author of ''[[al-Tamhid fi 'ulum al-Qur'an]]'', explains the account on which twelve people were involved as follows: the four people could not accomplish such a heavy task on their own; thus, they asked for the help of other people such as [[Abd Allah b. Abbas]] and Anas b. Malik as well. | Some people take the most reliable account to be the one provided by [[Anas b. Malik]] and Aslam, an emancipated slave of [[Umar b. Khattab]], who cooperated with the compilation group<ref>See: Rāmyār, ''Tārīkh-i Qur'ān''', p. 417.</ref>. On this account, four people were in charge of the compilation: Zayd b. Thabit, [[Abd Allah b. Zubayr]], Sa'id b. al-As, and Abd al-Rahman b. Harith<ref>Rāmyār, ''Tārīkh-i Qur'ān''', p. 417</ref>.. [[Muhammad Hadi Ma'rifat]], a scholar of Quranic sciences and the author of ''[[al-Tamhid fi 'ulum al-Qur'an]]'', explains the account on which twelve people were involved as follows: the four people could not accomplish such a heavy task on their own; thus, they asked for the help of other people such as [[Abd Allah b. Abbas]] and Anas b. Malik as well. | ||
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===Objections=== | ===Objections=== | ||
However, Muhammad Hadi Ma'rifat raised objections to the method of the compilation of the [[mushaf]]. He says that the work involves obvious errors, which led to many misspellings. Moreover, the original manuscripts of the mushaf were not compared to one another, and thus, they were different. He quotes Ibn Abi Dawud as saying that people of [[Levant]] considered their own manuscript of the Uthmani Mushaf to be more accurate than that of [[Kufa]], since the latter was sent to Kufa without comparison and correction. He also quotes Ibn Abi Dawud as saying that when Uthman saw al-Mushaf al-Uthmani, he identified misspellings in it and said that if the reciter was from the Hudhayl tribe and the scriber from the Thaqif tribe, then such errors would not happen. | However, [[Muhammad Hadi Ma'rifat]] raised objections to the method of the compilation of the [[mushaf]]. He says that the work involves obvious errors, which led to many misspellings. Moreover, the original manuscripts of the mushaf were not compared to one another, and thus, they were different. He quotes Ibn Abi Dawud as saying that people of [[Levant]] considered their own manuscript of the Uthmani Mushaf to be more accurate than that of [[Kufa]], since the latter was sent to Kufa without comparison and correction. He also quotes Ibn Abi Dawud as saying that when Uthman saw al-Mushaf al-Uthmani, he identified misspellings in it and said that if the reciter was from the Hudhayl tribe and the scriber from the Thaqif tribe, then such errors would not happen. | ||
==Features== | ==Features== | ||
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According to [[Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti]], a scholar of Quranic sciences in ninth/fifteenth and tenth/sixteenth centuries, there are different views of the number of manuscripts produced by the group in charge of the compilation of al-Mushaf al-Uthmani. Many scholars believe that four manuscripts of the mushaf were produced and sent to [[Medina]], [[Kufa]], [[Basra]], and [[Levant]]. According to al-Suyuti, the majority view is that there were five manuscripts. On other views, there were six, seven, eight, or nine manuscripts of al-Mushaf al-Uthmani. | According to [[Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti]], a scholar of Quranic sciences in ninth/fifteenth and tenth/sixteenth centuries, there are different views of the number of manuscripts produced by the group in charge of the compilation of al-Mushaf al-Uthmani. Many scholars believe that four manuscripts of the mushaf were produced and sent to [[Medina]], [[Kufa]], [[Basra]], and [[Levant]]. According to al-Suyuti, the majority view is that there were five manuscripts. On other views, there were six, seven, eight, or nine manuscripts of al-Mushaf al-Uthmani. | ||
Muhammad Hadi Ma'rifat has combined reports by Ibn Abi Dawud and [[al-Ya'qubi]], and concluded that there were nine manuscripts of al-Mushaf al-Uthmani, since Ibn Abi Dawud talks about seven manuscripts that were sent to [[Mecca]], Kufa, Basra, Levant, [[Bahrain]], [[Yemen]], and Medina, and al-Ya'qubi talks about two other manuscripts that were sent to [[Egypt]] and [[Algeria]]. | [[Muhammad Hadi Ma'rifat]] has combined reports by Ibn Abi Dawud and [[al-Ya'qubi]], and concluded that there were nine manuscripts of al-Mushaf al-Uthmani, since Ibn Abi Dawud talks about seven manuscripts that were sent to [[Mecca]], Kufa, Basra, Levant, [[Bahrain]], [[Yemen]], and Medina, and al-Ya'qubi talks about two other manuscripts that were sent to [[Egypt]] and [[Algeria]]. | ||
==Mushaf al-Imam== | ==Mushaf al-Imam== | ||