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*'''[[Khawarij]]:''' a group of Imam Ali's army in the [[Battle of Siffin]] who accused Ali b. Abi Talib of disbelief and rioted against him. Because of their animus towards Imam Ali (a), they are also referred to as "Nasiba"<ref>Al-Maqrizī,''al-mawaʿiz wa l-iʿtibār fī dhikr al-khiṭaṭ wa l-āthār''Al-Maqrizi, vol. 4, p. 428.</ref>.
*'''[[Khawarij]]:''' a group of Imam Ali's army in the [[Battle of Siffin]] who accused Ali b. Abi Talib of disbelief and rioted against him. Because of their animus towards Imam Ali (a), they are also referred to as "Nasiba"<ref>Al-Maqrizī,''al-mawaʿiz wa l-iʿtibār fī dhikr al-khiṭaṭ wa l-āthār''Al-Maqrizi, vol. 4, p. 428.</ref>.


*'''[[Al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi]]''' (d. [[95]]/713-14): according to [[al-Mas'udi]], a historiographer of the forth/tenth century, al-Hajjaj was hostile towards [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]<ref>See: al-Masʿudi, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 144.</ref>. He murdered those who did not express their disassociation from Imam Ali (a) and his companions<ref>Al-Mughnīya, ''al-Shiʿa wa l-ḥakimun'', pp. 94-96.</ref>. He slaughtered Shi'as and arrested them on ground of the slightest accusation or suspicion. Under his rule, people had rather be accused of disbelief than of being a Shi'a of Ali (a)<ref>Ibn Abi l-Ḥadid, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balagha'', vol. 11, p. 44.</ref>. In the period of the [[caliphate]] of Abd al-Malik, al-Hajjaj was at first the ruler of [[Hijaz]] and then the ruler of [[Iraq]]<ref>Ibn al-Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa al-nihāya'', vol. 9, p. 117.</ref>.
*'''[[Al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi]]''' (d. [[95]]/713-4): according to [[al-Mas'udi]], a historiographer of the forth/tenth century, al-Hajjaj was hostile towards [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]<ref>See: al-Masʿudi, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 144.</ref>. He murdered those who did not express their disassociation from Imam Ali (a) and his companions<ref>Al-Mughnīya, ''al-Shiʿa wa l-ḥakimun'', pp. 94-96.</ref>. He slaughtered Shi'as and arrested them on ground of the slightest accusation or suspicion. Under his rule, people had rather be accused of disbelief than of being a Shi'a of Ali (a)<ref>Ibn Abi l-Ḥadid, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balagha'', vol. 11, p. 44.</ref>. In the period of the [[caliphate]] of Abd al-Malik, al-Hajjaj was at first the ruler of [[Hijaz]] and then the ruler of [[Iraq]]<ref>Ibn al-Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa al-nihāya'', vol. 9, p. 117.</ref>.


*'''[[Hariz b. Uthman]]''': he cursed Imam Ali (a) on his [[minbar]]<ref>Al-Samʿani, ''al-Ansāb'', vol. 6, p. 95.</ref>. He distorted [[Hadith al-Manzila]] in which the [[Prophet (s)]] addresses Ali (a) by saying that "you are to me like [[Aaron (a)]] from [[Moses (a)]]," and changed it to: "you are to me like [[Korah]] (Qarun) to Moses"<ref>Ibn Hajar, ''Tahdhib al-Tahdhib'', vol. 2, p. 239.</ref>. According to Ibn Hibban, a Sunni scholar of [[rijal]], Hariz cursed Ali b. Abi Talib seventy times every morning and every evening<ref>Ibn Hajar, ''Tahdhib al-Tahdhib'', vol. 2, p. 239.</ref>.
*'''[[Hariz b. Uthman]]''': he cursed Imam Ali (a) on his [[minbar]]<ref>Al-Samʿani, ''al-Ansāb'', vol. 6, p. 95.</ref>. He distorted [[Hadith al-Manzila]] in which the [[Prophet (s)]] addresses Ali (a) by saying that "you are to me like [[Aaron (a)]] from [[Moses (a)]]," and changed it to: "you are to me like [[Korah]] (Qarun) to Moses"<ref>Ibn Hajar, ''Tahdhib al-Tahdhib'', vol. 2, p. 239.</ref>. According to Ibn Hibban, a Sunni scholar of [[rijal]], Hariz cursed Ali b. Abi Talib seventy times every morning and every evening<ref>Ibn Hajar, ''Tahdhib al-Tahdhib'', vol. 2, p. 239.</ref>.
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