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Tatbir: Difference between revisions
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'''Taṭbīr''' (Arabic: {{ia|التطبير}}) or '''Qama Zanī''' (Farsi: {{ia|قمهزنی}}) is a [[Mourning procession|mourning]] practice by some [[Shi'a]]s, in which they beat their heads with a dagger (qama) so that it bleeds. The practice became common from about the tenth/sixteenth century, and is practiced today in some countries, including [[Iraq]], [[Lebanon]], [[India]], and sometimes [[Iran]]. | '''Taṭbīr''' (Arabic: {{ia|التطبير}}) or '''Qama Zanī''' (Farsi: {{ia|قمهزنی}}) is a [[Mourning procession|mourning]] practice by some [[Shi'a]]s, in which they beat their heads with a dagger (qama) so that it bleeds. The practice became common from about the tenth/sixteenth century, and is practiced today in some countries, including [[Iraq]], [[Lebanon]], [[India]], and sometimes [[Iran]]. | ||
Proponents of tatbir see it as a ritual of [[Ashura]] and a means to reinforce Shiism. Its opponents believe that it is a superstition undermining and defaming Shiism. | Proponents of tatbir see it as a ritual of [[Ashura]], and a means to reinforce Shiism. Its opponents believe that it is a superstition undermining and defaming Shiism. | ||
Shiite scholars disagree over the permissibility, [[istihbab|recommendation]], or [[Haram (fiqh)|forbiddance]] of tatbir. Some [[jurist]]s such as [[Muhammad Husayn Na'ini]] permitted tatbir, and some of them, such as [[Sayyid Abu l-Hasan al-Isfahani]], forbade it. [[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]] published work in critique of tatbir for the first time. And in 1414/1994, [[Sayyid 'Ali Khamenei]], the Supreme Leader of the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]], gave a speech against tatbir. Some scholars consider tatbir as undermining Shiism, and thus, illegitimate. | Shiite scholars disagree over the permissibility, [[istihbab|recommendation]], or [[Haram (fiqh)|forbiddance]] of tatbir. Some [[jurist]]s such as [[Muhammad Husayn Na'ini]] permitted tatbir, and some of them, such as [[Sayyid Abu l-Hasan al-Isfahani]], forbade it. [[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]] published work in critique of tatbir for the first time. And in 1414/1994, [[Sayyid 'Ali Khamenei]], the Supreme Leader of the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]], gave a speech against tatbir. Some scholars consider tatbir as undermining Shiism, and thus, illegitimate. | ||
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:The use of daggers and chains and drums and horns and whatever is common today in mourning processions on the [[Day of Ashura]] is forbidden and against the sharia. | :The use of daggers and chains and drums and horns and whatever is common today in mourning processions on the [[Day of Ashura]] is forbidden and against the sharia. | ||
After this fatwa, the most important text in opposition to tatbir was the book, ''[[al-Tanzih li-a'mal al-shabih]]'' by [[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]], in which tatbir and other similar practices of mourning are considered as illegitimate, irrational, and a ground for undermining Shiism. The book's publication led to different reactions, and books and essays were written and published in its defense or against it. | After this fatwa, the most important text in opposition to tatbir was the book, ''[[al-Tanzih li-a'mal al-shabih]]'' by [[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]], in which tatbir and other similar practices of mourning are considered as illegitimate, irrational, and a ground for undermining Shiism. The book's publication led to different reactions, and books and essays were written and published in its defense of or against it. | ||
In answer to a [[istifta'|question]] concerning the permissibility or impermissibility of tatbir, [[Imam Khomeini]] said that it depends on whether it is harmful and on circumstances of the time, and because of present circumstances, he said that it was forbidden. [[Ayatollah Khamenei]], the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, said about tatbir in [[1414]]/[[1994 CE|1994]]: "tatbir is an illegitimate, fabricated, and wrong practice which has, unfortunately, been propagated by some people in the last few years. Tatbir is a religious or a mourning practice, and it is certainly illegitimate and heresy, and there is no doubt that God is not happy with it, and I am not happy in my heart with those who publicly practice tatbir." Some scholars confirmed the words of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran and believed that tatbir undermines Shiism and is therefore illegitimate. | In answer to a [[istifta'|question]] concerning the permissibility or impermissibility of tatbir, [[Imam Khomeini]] said that it depends on whether it is harmful and on circumstances of the time, and because of present circumstances, he said that it was forbidden. [[Ayatollah Khamenei]], the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, said about tatbir in [[1414]]/[[1994 CE|1994]]: "tatbir is an illegitimate, fabricated, and wrong practice which has, unfortunately, been propagated by some people in the last few years. Tatbir is a religious or a mourning practice, and it is certainly illegitimate and heresy, and there is no doubt that God is not happy with it, and I am not happy in my heart with those who publicly practice tatbir." Some scholars confirmed the words of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran and believed that tatbir undermines Shiism and is therefore illegitimate. | ||
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