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Sura al-Kawthar: Difference between revisions
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'''Sūra al-Kawthar''' (Arabic: {{ia|سورة الكوثر}}) is the 108th [[sura]] and a [[Makki]] sura of the [[Qur'an]], located in the thirtieth [[juz']] thereof. It is the smallest sura of the Qur'an, which is called "al-Kawthar" because its first verse talks about a blessing to the [[Prophet (s)]] called "al-Kawthar," asking the Prophet (s) to say [[Prayer]]s and sacrifice for such a great blessing. | |||
Instances of "al-Kawthar" are variously interpreted as the [[Pond of Kawthar]], the [[Heaven]], an abundance of the good, [[prophethood]], the Qur'an, the great number of his [[ | Instances of "al-Kawthar" are variously interpreted as the [[Pond of Kawthar]], the [[Heaven]], an abundance of the good, [[prophethood]], the Qur'an, the great number of his [[companions]], and [[intercession]]. In the view of many [[Shiite]] scholars, one instance of "al-Kawthar" is [[lady Fatima (a)]] and her children, because the sura was [[revealed]] in response to those who had claimed that the Prophet (s) had no progeny. | ||
As to the virtue of the [[recitation]] of Sura al-Kawthar, it is said: if one recites the sura in his [[daily prayer]]s, then he will drink from the Pond of Kawthar on the [[day of resurrection]], and will be a [[companion of the Prophet (s)]] under the [[Tree of Tuba]]. | As to the virtue of the [[recitation]] of Sura al-Kawthar, it is said: if one recites the sura in his [[daily prayer]]s, then he will drink from the Pond of Kawthar on the [[day of resurrection]], and will be a [[companion of the Prophet (s)]] under the [[Tree of Tuba]]. | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
* | *'''Naming''' | ||
The sura is called "al-Kawthar" because its first verse talks about a blessing called "al-Kawthar" which is given by [[God]] to the [[Prophet (s)]].<ref>Khurramshāhī, ''Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 1269. </ref> | The sura is called "al-Kawthar" because its first verse talks about a blessing called "al-Kawthar" which is given by [[God]] to the [[Prophet (s)]].<ref>Khurramshāhī, ''Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 1269. </ref> | ||
* | *'''Order and Place of Revelation''' | ||
Sura al-Kawthar is a [[Makki sura]]. In the [[order of revelation]], it is the | Sura al-Kawthar is a [[Makki sura]]. In the [[order of revelation]], it is the fifteenth sura revealed to the Prophet (s). In the [[current order of compilation]], it is the 108th sura, located in the thirtieth [[juz']] of the Qur'an.<ref>Maʿrifat, ''Amūzish-i ʿulūm-i Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 166.</ref> | ||
* | *'''Number of Verses and Words''' | ||
Sura al-Kawthar has | Sura al-Kawthar has three [[verse]]s, ten words, and forty three letters. It is the smallest sura of the Qur'an.<ref>Khurramshāhī, ''Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 1269. </ref> | ||
==Contents== | ==Contents== | ||
The sura addresses the Prophet (s) in all of its verses, just like | The sura addresses the Prophet (s) in all of its verses, just like [[Qur'an 93]] and [[Qur'an 94]].<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 27, p. 370.</ref> It points to a blessing given to the Prophet (s) called "al-Kawthar" which was given to the Prophet (s) by God.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 27, p. 370-371.</ref> Quranic [[exegete]]s have interpreted "al-kawthar" as abundant good—one<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 10, p. 835.</ref> for which the Prophet (s) is asked to perform [[prayer]]s and make sacrifices.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 27, p. 373.</ref> | ||
===Instances of al-Kawthar=== | ===Instances of al-Kawthar=== | ||
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There is a disagreement among exegetes as to what the instance of al-Kawthar is. Some possible interpretations include the Pond of Kawthar, a river in the [[Heaven]], abundant good, [[prophethood]], the Qur'an, the great number of the Prophet's progeny, and [[intercession]].<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 10, p. 836-837.</ref> | There is a disagreement among exegetes as to what the instance of al-Kawthar is. Some possible interpretations include the Pond of Kawthar, a river in the [[Heaven]], abundant good, [[prophethood]], the Qur'an, the great number of the Prophet's progeny, and [[intercession]].<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 10, p. 836-837.</ref> | ||
In | In ''[[Tafsir-i nimuna]]'', many Shiite scholars are said to believe that one instance of al-Kawthar is [[lady Fatima (a)]], because the sura talks about those who claim that the Prophet (s) has no progeny, while his progeny continued through Fatima (a), and this is the progeny in which [[Imamate]] appeared.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 27, p. 375; Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 20, p. 370.</ref> | ||
{{Content of Sura al-Kawthar}} | {{Content of Sura al-Kawthar}} | ||
==Occasion of the Revelation== | ==Occasion of the Revelation== | ||
Sura al-Kawthar was [[revealed]] after what [[As b. Wa'il]] said about the Prophet (s). When [['Abd Allah, the Prophet's son]], died and the Prophet (s) had no son, he referred to the Prophet (s) as "Abtar" (without posterity, that is, without a progeny) when he was in a gathering of the [[Quraysh]].<ref>Wāḥidī, ''Asbāb nuzūl al-Qurʾān'', p. 494; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 10, p. 836.</ref> With this sura, God consoled the Prophet (s) that he was given the abundant good. Moreover, God prognosticated that his enemies will have no progeny.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 27, p. 369.</ref> | Sura al-Kawthar was [[revealed]] after what [['As b. Wa'il]] said about the Prophet (s). When [['Abd Allah, the Prophet's son]], died and the Prophet (s) had no son, he referred to the Prophet (s) as "Abtar" (without posterity, that is, without a progeny) when he was in a gathering of the [[Quraysh]].<ref>Wāḥidī, ''Asbāb nuzūl al-Qurʾān'', p. 494; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 10, p. 836.</ref> With this sura, God consoled the Prophet (s) that he was given the abundant good. Moreover, God prognosticated that his enemies will have no progeny.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 27, p. 369.</ref> | ||
==The Recitation of the Sura in Mustahab Prayers== | ==The Recitation of the Sura in Mustahab Prayers== | ||
It is recommended to recite Sura al-Kawthar in some [[mustahab prayers]], including: | It is recommended to recite Sura al-Kawthar in some [[mustahab prayers]], including: | ||
*The Prayer of the | *The Prayer of the eleventh night of the [[month of Ramadan]]: this Prayer consists of two [[rak'a]]s, in each of which, [[Sura al-Hamd]] is recited once, and Sura al-Kawthar is recited 20 times. | ||
*The Prayer of the | *The Prayer of the eighteenth night of the month of Ramadan: this prayer consists of four rak'as, in each of which Sura al-Hamd is recited once, and Sura al-Kawthar is recited twenty five times. | ||
==Virtue and Features== | ==Virtue and Features== | ||