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==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
According to geographical sources, Samarqand and Kash had a very good climate for agriculture. The distance between the two cities are said to have been "two days". It is said that Muslims were present in these two cities around 80 | According to geographical sources, Samarqand and Kash had a very good climate for agriculture. The distance between the two cities are said to have been "two days". It is said that Muslims were present in these two cities around 80/699, but according to al-Baladhuri, the Muslim presence dates back to a later period at the time of [[Umar b. Abd al-Aziz]]. | ||
Samrqand and Kash are located in today's Uzbekistan. Samarqand has preserved its historical name, but Kash came to be called Shahrisabz. | Samrqand and Kash are located in today's Uzbekistan. Samarqand has preserved its historical name, but Kash came to be called Shahrisabz. | ||
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Other companions of the Imams and transmitters of their hadiths from this region were [[Ja'far b. Abi Ja'far]] al-Samarqandi, [[Ja'far b. Ayyub]] al-Samarqadi, [[Muhammad b. Na'im]], and [[Muhammad b. Ibrahim al-Warraq]]. | Other companions of the Imams and transmitters of their hadiths from this region were [[Ja'far b. Abi Ja'far]] al-Samarqandi, [[Ja'far b. Ayyub]] al-Samarqadi, [[Muhammad b. Na'im]], and [[Muhammad b. Ibrahim al-Warraq]]. | ||
Moreover, [[Sayyid Imam Abu l-Qasim Ali b. Aqil]] (d. 526 | Moreover, [[Sayyid Imam Abu l-Qasim Ali b. Aqil]] (d. 526/1132) is buried in Samarqand, and his grave is a pilgrimage site for many people. | ||
===The Representatives of the Imams (a) in Samarqand=== | ===The Representatives of the Imams (a) in Samarqand=== | ||
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==The Decline of the School of Samarqand== | ==The Decline of the School of Samarqand== | ||
We do not have adequate information about the reasons behind the decline of this school. We just know that shortly after the presence of al-Shaykh al-Saduq (d. 381 | We do not have adequate information about the reasons behind the decline of this school. We just know that shortly after the presence of al-Shaykh al-Saduq (d. 381/991), this school was increasingly in decline. However, two reports in this regard are noteworthy. One is a report by Muhammad b. Ahmad al-Maqdisi about Kash, in which he speaks of a cholera pandemic. This pandemic may have caused the decline in the school of Samarqand. | ||
Another report, which seems show the reason behind this decline more accurately, has to do with a military attack against the Samanid dynasty and the imprisonment of Abd al-Malik b. Nuh, the ruler of [[Transoxiana]] and [[Khorasan]], which put an end to the Samanid rule and led to the martyrdom or immigration of the scholars of this region. | Another report, which seems show the reason behind this decline more accurately, has to do with a military attack against the Samanid dynasty and the imprisonment of Abd al-Malik b. Nuh, the ruler of [[Transoxiana]] and [[Khorasan]], which put an end to the Samanid rule and led to the martyrdom or immigration of the scholars of this region. | ||
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'''2.''' The Mosque of Ahl al-Bayt (a). This mosque, inaugurated in 1378 Sh, is located in the Punjab district of Samarqand. It is the largest Shiite mosque of Uzbekistan with a capacity of about 20,000 worshippers. | '''2.''' The Mosque of Ahl al-Bayt (a). This mosque, inaugurated in 1378 Sh, is located in the Punjab district of Samarqand. It is the largest Shiite mosque of Uzbekistan with a capacity of about 20,000 worshippers. | ||
'''3.''' Murad Awlia Mosque. In this mosque a descendant of [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] was allegedly buried and thus it has become a pilgrimage site for the Shiites. On the gravestone, in addition to [[Quran]]ic [[verse]]s, the name "Sayyid Musa b. Aqa Sayyid Murtada" is inscribed with the year 927 | '''3.''' Murad Awlia Mosque. In this mosque a descendant of [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] was allegedly buried and thus it has become a pilgrimage site for the Shiites. On the gravestone, in addition to [[Quran]]ic [[verse]]s, the name "Sayyid Musa b. Aqa Sayyid Murtada" is inscribed with the year 927/1521 as the year of his demise. People of Samarqand believe in miracles happening through Sayyid Musa. The existing stones and pillars around this grave indicate that it was once a splendid burial place. | ||
'''4.''' The Bibi-Khanym Mosque. This mosque is located in the east of Rigestan Square. It has a splendid portal arch of entrance, on which Timur had his genealogy up to Genghis Khan inscribed on it. This mosque was built by Timur's command and after his victorious return from India between the years 802-807 | '''4.''' The Bibi-Khanym Mosque. This mosque is located in the east of Rigestan Square. It has a splendid portal arch of entrance, on which Timur had his genealogy up to Genghis Khan inscribed on it. This mosque was built by Timur's command and after his victorious return from India between the years 802-807/1400-1405. It seems that the mosque was built on the model of a mosque in [[India]] that had impressed Timur. To construct the mosque, Timur invited architects from India, [[Azerbijan]], and Fars. It is said that on a daily basis 200 people worked on the building of the mosque, 500 people cut stones from mountains and carried them to the mosque’s site, and 95 elephants carried other materials needed for the construction. | ||
'''5.''' The Mosque of Sahib al-Zaman. This mosque, located in the Shiite district of Samarqand called Khwaja Sa'at, was built with people’s donations. | '''5.''' The Mosque of Sahib al-Zaman. This mosque, located in the Shiite district of Samarqand called Khwaja Sa'at, was built with people’s donations. | ||