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'''Al- | '''Al-Ṣakhra Mosque''' or '''al-Ṣakhra al-Muqaddasa''' (Arabic: {{ia|الصخرة المقدسة}}) is a [[mosque]] in the sacred area on Mount Moriah in [[Jerusalem al-Quds]]. This mosque and its dome which is known as '''Qubbat al-ṣakhra''' (Arabic: {{ia|قبة الصخرة}}) [Dome of the Rock] has been built over a huge rock and is respected in [[Judaism]], [[Christianity]] and [[Islam]]. Based on Islamic beliefs, [[Holy Prophet (s)]] has [[Mi'raj|ascended]] to heavens from upon this rock. Based on Jewish beliefs, Earth has been expanded from beneath this rock, human’s body has been created from its dust and [[Abraham (a)]] has been assigned to [[Sacrifice of Isma'il|sacrifice his son]] there. | ||
The famous golden dome which some people think to be [[al-Aqsa Mosque]] is in fact the dome of the rock of al-Sakhra Mosque. | The famous golden dome which some people think to be [[al-Aqsa Mosque]] is in fact the dome of the rock of al-Sakhra Mosque. | ||
Al-Sakhra mosque was built in first/seventh century during the reign of [[Abd al-Malik b. Marwan]] and has been renovated in different eras ever since. | Al-Sakhra mosque was built in first/seventh century during the reign of [[Abd al-Malik b. Marwan]] and has been renovated in different eras ever since. | ||
==Importance== | ==Importance== | ||
Dome of the Rock along with [[Umayyad mosque]] in [[Damascus]], Amr b. al-As mosque in [[Cairo]] and Qirwan mosque in [[Tunisia]] are the most important constructions in the first/seventh century. | Dome of the Rock along with [[Umayyad mosque]] in [[Damascus]], Amr b. al-As mosque in [[Cairo]] and Qirwan mosque in [[Tunisia]] are the most important constructions in the first/seventh century. | ||
The mountain on which the Dome of the Rock has been constructed was the direction of [[qibla]] for Muslims up to second year after [[Migration to Medina|hijra]]. According to Islamic beliefs, the Holy Prophet (s) ascended to heavens from upon this rock at the [[Night of Ascent]]. Jews believe that Earth has been expanded from beneath this rock and the body of Adam (a) has been created from its dust and it is the same place where Abraham (a) was assigned to sacrifice his son. | The mountain on which the Dome of the Rock has been constructed was the direction of [[qibla]] for Muslims up to second year/623 CE after [[Migration to Medina|hijra]]. According to Islamic beliefs, the Holy Prophet (s) ascended to heavens from upon this rock at the [[Night of Ascent]]. Jews believe that Earth has been expanded from beneath this rock and the body of [[Adam (a)]] has been created from its dust and it is the same place where Abraham (a) was assigned to sacrifice his son. | ||
==Location and Structure== | ==Location and Structure== | ||
Mosque of the Rock or Dome of the Rock is located in the area of al-Aqsa Mosque on a mountain called Moriah in Jerusalem. Dome of the Rock has a golden dome and is located over an octagonal structure which has four gates to four directions. | Mosque of the Rock or Dome of the Rock is located in the area of al-Aqsa Mosque on a mountain called Moriah in Jerusalem. Dome of the Rock has a golden dome and is located over an octagonal structure which has four gates to four directions. | ||
On a piece of marble pillar in southwest of the mosque, there is a place called Qadam Muhammad ( | On a piece of marble pillar in southwest of the mosque, there is a place called Qadam Muhammad (s) which is said to be the footprint of the [[Prophet (s)]] at the Night of Ascent. Also near the Dome of the Rock, there is a place known as Qubbat al-Nabi (Dome of the Prophet) and according to local beliefs in Jerusalem, [[Prophet Khidr (a)]] has said prayers there. Dome of the Rock is known as one of the richest Islamic structures in terms of decorations. | ||
==Historical Background== | ==Historical Background== | ||
Construction of al-Sakhra Mosque started in 66 in the reign of [[Abd al-Malik b. Marwan]] on the rock on Mount Moriah in Jerusalem and finished in 72. When [[Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr]] acceded to caliphate in Mecca and forced people to pledge [[allegiance]] with him, Abd al-Malik b. Marwan restricted people's trip to Hajj and tried to replace it with a visit to and circumambulation around the Dome of the Rock. | Construction of al-Sakhra Mosque started in 66/685 in the reign of [[Abd al-Malik b. Marwan]] on the rock on Mount Moriah in Jerusalem and finished in 72/691. When [[Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr]] acceded to [[caliphate]] in [[Mecca]] and forced people to pledge [[allegiance]] with him, Abd al-Malik b. Marwan restricted people's trip to [[Hajj]] and tried to replace it with a visit to and circumambulation around the Dome of the Rock. | ||
Dome of the Rock was reconstructed in 216 during the reign of the Abbassid caliph, [[al-Ma'mun]]. After reconstruction, the name of al-Ma'mun replaced the name of Abd al-Malik b. Marwan on stone carvings in the mosque. However, the date remained intact as 72. | Dome of the Rock was reconstructed in 216/831 during the reign of the [[Abbassid]] caliph, [[al-Ma'mun]]. After reconstruction, the name of al-Ma'mun replaced the name of Abd al-Malik b. Marwan on stone carvings in the mosque. However, the date remained intact as 72/691. | ||
In 407 a severe earthquake occurred in al-Quds and Dome of the Rock was destroyed. In 413 and in the reign of Fatimid caliph, al-Zahir, al-Sakhra Mosque was reconstructed. Another earthquake in 460 destroyed the mosque and it was reconstructed again in the reign of Abbassid caliph, al-Qa'im bi Amr Allah in 467. | In 407/1016 a severe earthquake occurred in al-Quds and Dome of the Rock was destroyed. In 413/1022 and in the reign of [[Fatimid]] caliph, al-Zahir, al-Sakhra Mosque was reconstructed. Another earthquake in 460/1067 destroyed the mosque and it was reconstructed again in the reign of Abbassid caliph, al-Qa'im bi Amr Allah in 467/1074. | ||
==Naming== | ==Naming== | ||
This mosque was named al-Sakhra Mosque since it was located on a rock on Mount Moriah in Jerusalem. That is why it is also called Dome of the Rock. | This mosque was named al-Sakhra Mosque since it was located on a rock on Mount Moriah in Jerusalem. That is why it is also called Dome of the Rock. | ||
Dome of the Rock is sometimes mistaken with al-Aqsa Mosque. It should be noted that Dome of the Rock has a golden dome while the dome of al-Aqsa Mosque is dark. | Dome of the Rock is sometimes mistaken with [[al-Aqsa Mosque]]. It should be noted that Dome of the Rock has a golden dome while the dome of al-Aqsa Mosque is dark. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Al-Aqsa Mosque]] | *[[Al-Aqsa Mosque]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
*The material for this article is mainly taken from [https://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%B5%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%87 مسجد صخره] in Farsi WikiShia. | *The material for this article is mainly taken from [https://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%B5%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%87 مسجد صخره] in Farsi WikiShia. | ||
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