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Dome of the Rock: Difference between revisions
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==Importance== | ==Importance== | ||
Dome of the Rock along with [[Umayyad mosque]] in [[Damascus]], Amr b. al-As mosque in [[Cairo]] and Qirwan mosque in [[Tunisia]] are the most important constructions in the first/seventh century. | Dome of the Rock along with [[Umayyad mosque]] in [[Damascus]], Amr b. al-As mosque in [[Cairo]] and Qirwan mosque in [[Tunisia]] are the most important constructions in the first/seventh century.<ref>Saʿādatī, ''Naqsh-i amākin wa athār-i madhhabī dar tamaddun-i Islāmī'', p. 150.</ref> | ||
The mountain on which the Dome of the Rock has been constructed was the direction of [[qibla]] for Muslims up to second year/623 CE after [[Migration to Medina|hijra]]. According to Islamic beliefs, the Holy Prophet (s) ascended to heavens from upon this rock at the [[Night of Ascent]]. Jews believe that Earth has been expanded from beneath this rock and the body of [[Adam (a)]] has been created from its dust and it is the same place where Abraham (a) was assigned to sacrifice his son. | The mountain on which the Dome of the Rock has been constructed was the direction of [[qibla]] for Muslims up to second year/623 CE after [[Migration to Medina|hijra]].<ref>Mīr Abu l-Qāsimī, ''Bāstānshināsī-yi Qur'ān'', p. 114.</ref> According to Islamic beliefs, the Holy Prophet (s) ascended to heavens from upon this rock at the [[Night of Ascent]].<ref>Mūsā Ghūsha, ''Tārīkh-i majmūʿa masjid al-aqṣā'', p. 23.</ref> Jews believe that Earth has been expanded from beneath this rock and the body of [[Adam (a)]] has been created from its dust and it is the same place where Abraham (a) was assigned to sacrifice his son.<ref>Ḥamīdī, ''Tārīkh-i Urshalīm'', p. 17, 18.</ref> | ||
==Location and Structure== | ==Location and Structure== | ||
Mosque of the Rock or Dome of the Rock is located in the area of al-Aqsa Mosque on a mountain called Moriah in Jerusalem. Dome of the Rock has a golden dome and is located over an octagonal structure which has four gates to four directions. | Mosque of the Rock or Dome of the Rock is located in the area of al-Aqsa Mosque on a mountain called Moriah in Jerusalem.<ref>Mūsā Ghūsha, ''Tārīkh-i majmūʿa masjid al-aqṣā'', p. 23.</ref> Dome of the Rock has a golden dome and is located over an octagonal structure which has four gates to four directions.<ref>Mūsā Ghūsha, ''Tārīkh-i majmūʿa masjid al-aqṣā'', p. 23.</ref> | ||
On a piece of marble pillar in southwest of the mosque, there is a place called Qadam Muhammad (s) which is said to be the footprint of the [[Prophet (s)]] at the Night of Ascent. Also near the Dome of the Rock, there is a place known as Qubbat al-Nabi (Dome of the Prophet) and according to local beliefs in Jerusalem, [[Prophet Khidr (a)]] has said | On a piece of marble pillar in southwest of the mosque, there is a place called "Qadam Muhammad (s)" which is said to be the footprint of the [[Prophet (s)]] at the Night of Ascent.<ref>Ḥamīdī, ''Tārīkh-i Urshalīm'', p. 17, 18.</ref> Also near the Dome of the Rock, there is a place known as Qubbat al-Nabi (Dome of the Prophet) and according to local beliefs in Jerusalem, [[Prophet Khidr (a)]] has said [[prayer]]s there.<ref>Nijātī, ''Ḥaḍrat-i Khiḍr wa makānhā-yi mansūb bi īshān'', p. 244.</ref> Dome of the Rock is known as one of the richest Islamic structures in terms of decorations. <ref>Ḥamīdī, ''Tārīkh-i Urshalīm'', p. 17, 18.</ref> | ||
==Historical Background== | ==Historical Background== | ||
Construction of al-Sakhra Mosque started in 66/685 in the reign of [[Abd al-Malik b. Marwan]] on the rock on Mount Moriah in Jerusalem and finished in 72/691. When [[Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr]] acceded to [[caliphate]] in [[Mecca]] and forced people to pledge [[allegiance]] with him, Abd al-Malik b. Marwan restricted people's trip to [[Hajj]] and tried to replace it with a visit to and circumambulation around the Dome of the Rock. | Construction of al-Sakhra Mosque started in 66/685 in the reign of [[Abd al-Malik b. Marwan]] on the rock on Mount Moriah in Jerusalem and finished in 72/691.<ref>Mūsā Ghūsha, ''Tārīkh-i majmūʿa masjid al-aqṣā'', p. 23.</ref> When [[Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr]] acceded to [[caliphate]] in [[Mecca]] and forced people to pledge [[allegiance]] with him, Abd al-Malik b. Marwan restricted people's trip to [[Hajj]] and tried to replace it with a visit to and circumambulation around the Dome of the Rock.<ref>Damīrī, ''Ḥayāt al-ḥaywān'', vol. 1, p. 100; Ḥusaynī Tehrānī, ''Imāmshināsī'', vol. 18, p. 323-325.</ref> | ||
Dome of the Rock was reconstructed in 216/831 during the reign of the [[Abbassid]] caliph, [[al-Ma'mun]]. After reconstruction, the name of al-Ma'mun replaced the name of Abd al-Malik b. Marwan on stone carvings in the mosque. However, the date remained intact as 72/691. | Dome of the Rock was reconstructed in 216/831 during the reign of the [[Abbassid]] caliph, [[al-Ma'mun]]. After reconstruction, the name of al-Ma'mun replaced the name of Abd al-Malik b. Marwan on stone carvings in the mosque. However, the date remained intact as 72/691.<ref>Mūsā Ghūsha, ''Tārīkh-i majmūʿa masjid al-aqṣā'', p. 26.</ref> | ||
In 407/1016 a severe earthquake occurred in al-Quds and Dome of the Rock was destroyed. In 413/1022 and in the reign of [[Fatimid]] caliph, al-Zahir, al-Sakhra Mosque was reconstructed. Another earthquake in 460/1067 destroyed the mosque and it was reconstructed again in the reign of Abbassid caliph, al-Qa'im bi Amr Allah in 467/1074. | In 407/1016 a severe earthquake occurred in al-Quds and Dome of the Rock was destroyed. In 413/1022 and in the reign of [[Fatimid]] caliph, al-Zahir, al-Sakhra Mosque was reconstructed. Another earthquake in 460/1067 destroyed the mosque and it was reconstructed again in the reign of Abbassid caliph, al-Qa'im bi Amr Allah in 467/1074.<ref>Mūsā Ghūsha, ''Tārīkh-i majmūʿa masjid al-aqṣā'', p. 26.</ref> | ||
==Naming== | ==Naming== | ||
This mosque was named al-Sakhra Mosque since it was located on a rock on Mount Moriah in Jerusalem. That is why it is also called Dome of the Rock. | This mosque was named al-Sakhra Mosque since it was located on a rock on Mount Moriah in Jerusalem. That is why it is also called Dome of the Rock.<ref>Ḥamīdī, ''Tārīkh-i Urshalīm'', p. 17, 18.</ref> | ||
Dome of the Rock is sometimes mistaken with [[al-Aqsa Mosque]]. It should be noted that Dome of the Rock has a golden dome while the dome of al-Aqsa Mosque is dark. | Dome of the Rock is sometimes mistaken with [[al-Aqsa Mosque]]. It should be noted that Dome of the Rock has a golden dome while the dome of al-Aqsa Mosque is dark.<ref>[https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/1773013/قبه-الصخره-را-با-مسجدالاقصی-اشتباه-نگیرید Do not confuse the Dome of the Rock with Al-Aqsa Mosque] www.iribnews.ir.</ref> | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Al-Aqsa Mosque]] | *[[Al-Aqsa Mosque]] | ||
==Notes== | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
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