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In the past, the area had many palm groves, agricultural lands,<ref>Ḥāfiẓ Abrū, ''Jughrāfīyā-yi Ḥāfiẓ Abrū'', vol. 1, p. 218.</ref> and springs of water.<ref>Ḥamawī, ''Muʿjam al-buldān'', vol. 5, p. 450; Samhudī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 4, p. 166. </ref> It was called “Yanbu” because of the abundance of its springs of water.<ref>Ḥamawī, ''Muʿjam al-buldān'', vol. 5, p. 450; Samhudī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 4, p. 166. </ref> <ref>Yanbuʿ is derived from the root n-b-ʿ, which means springing</ref> | In the past, the area had many palm groves, agricultural lands,<ref>Ḥāfiẓ Abrū, ''Jughrāfīyā-yi Ḥāfiẓ Abrū'', vol. 1, p. 218.</ref> and springs of water.<ref>Ḥamawī, ''Muʿjam al-buldān'', vol. 5, p. 450; Samhudī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 4, p. 166. </ref> It was called “Yanbu” because of the abundance of its springs of water.<ref>Ḥamawī, ''Muʿjam al-buldān'', vol. 5, p. 450; Samhudī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 4, p. 166. </ref> <ref>Yanbuʿ is derived from the root n-b-ʿ, which means springing</ref> | ||
Yanbu was located on the paths of [[hajj]] caravans from [[Egypt]] and [[Levant]] to [[Medina]] and [[Mecca]]. It is one station away from [[Mount Radwa]]. During al-Mansur's reign, al-Nafs al-Zakiyya hid in Mount Radwa for a while. | Yanbu was located on the paths of [[hajj]] caravans from [[Egypt]]<ref>Sakhāwī, ''al-Baladāniyyāt'', p. 298.</ref> and [[Levant]]<ref>Ḥamawī, ''Muʿjam al-buldān'', vol. 5, p. 450.</ref> to [[Medina]] and [[Mecca]]. It is one station away from [[Mount Radwa]].<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq Baghdādī, ''Marāṣid al-ʾiṭṭlāʿ'', vol. 3, p. 1485; Ḥamawī, ''Muʿjam al-buldān'', vol. 5, p. 450.</ref> During al-Mansur's reign, al-Nafs al-Zakiyya hid in Mount Radwa for a while.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 7, p. 535.</ref> | ||
==Imam ʿAli’s Endowments== | ==Imam ʿAli’s Endowments== | ||
Yanbu was conquered by Muslims without a war during the second [[ghazwa]] of the [[Prophet (s)]] under the Battle of [[Dhu-l-'Ashira]] in [[2 AH|2]]/[[623]]. The Prophet (s) gave the area to a group of Muslims. Imam ʿAli (a) bought the area from them and began agriculture and water extraction there. Some people believe that the lands were given to Imam ʿAli (a) by the Prophet (s) or [['Umar]] as an [[iqtaʿ]] (a form of tax farming). | Yanbu was conquered by Muslims without a war during the second [[ghazwa]] of the [[Prophet (s)]]<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 2, p. 281.</ref> under the Battle of [[Dhu-l-'Ashira]] in [[2 AH|2]]/[[623]].<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 66; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 2, p. 408.</ref> The Prophet (s) gave the area to a group of Muslims.<ref>Wāqidī, ''al-Maghāzī'', v0l. 1, p. 20.</ref> Imam ʿAli (a) bought the area from them and began agriculture and water extraction there.<ref>Samhudī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 4, p. 166; Aḥmad, ''Ḥijāz dar ṣadr-i islām'', p. 98.</ref> Some people believe that the lands were given to Imam ʿAli (a) by the Prophet (s)<ref>Ḥamawī, ''Muʿjam al-buldān'', vol. 5, p. 450.</ref> or [['Umar]]<ref>Balādhurī, ''Futūḥ al-buldān'', p. 24; Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq Baghdādī, ''Marāṣid al-ʾiṭṭlāʿ'', vol. 3, p. 1485.</ref> as an [[iqtaʿ]] (a form of tax farming). | ||
Some sources talk about [[Amir al-Mu'minin]]’s many endowments in this area. [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] gave the interests of its agricultural products to [['Abd Allah b. Ja'far b. Abi Talib]], who in turn gave it to [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]]. Imam ʿAli’s household still had estates in the area. For instance, during the [[Event of Harra]] [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] went to Yanbu, and on some accounts, he took with him his own as well as Marwan's family. | Some sources talk about [[Amir al-Mu'minin]]’s many endowments in this area.<ref>Aḥmad, ''Ḥijāz dar ṣadr-i islām'', p. 98; Ḥamawī, ''Muʿjam al-buldān'', vol. 5, p. 450.</ref> [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] gave the interests of its agricultural products to [['Abd Allah b. Ja'far b. Abi Talib]], who in turn gave it to [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]].<ref>Aḥmad, ''Ḥijāz dar ṣadr-i islām'', p. 99.</ref> Imam ʿAli’s household still had estates in the area. For instance, during the [[Event of Harra]] [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] went to Yanbu,<ref>Balʿamī, ''Tārīkhnāma-yi ṭabarī'', vol. 4, p. 718.</ref> and on some accounts, he took with him his own as well as Marwan's family.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 485.</ref> | ||
During [[Saffah al-Abbasi|Saffah]]'s reign, [['Abd Allah b. Hasan al-Muthanna]] tried to reclaim the area from the [[caliph]], which led to disputes among the progeny of ʿAli (a) over Yanbu’s endowments. Finally, [[Mahdi al-'Abbasi]] gave the lands to [['Alids]]. | During [[Saffah al-Abbasi|Saffah]]'s reign, [['Abd Allah b. Hasan al-Muthanna]] tried to reclaim the area from the [[caliph]], which led to disputes among the progeny of ʿAli (a) over Yanbu’s endowments. Finally, [[Mahdi al-'Abbasi]] gave the lands to [['Alids]]. | ||
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*Aḥmad, ʿAlī Ṣāliḥ. ''Ḥijāz dar ṣadr-i islām''. Translated by ʿAbd al-Muḥammad Āyatī. Tehran: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1375 Sh. | *Aḥmad, ʿAlī Ṣāliḥ. ''Ḥijāz dar ṣadr-i islām''. Translated by ʿAbd al-Muḥammad Āyatī. Tehran: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1375 Sh. | ||
*Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. ''Futūḥ al-buldān''. Beirut: Dār wa maktabat al-hilāl, 1988. | *Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. ''Futūḥ al-buldān''. Beirut: Dār wa maktabat al-hilāl, 1988. | ||
*Balʿamī, Abū ʿAlī Muḥammad b. Muḥammad. ''Tārīkhnāma-yi ṭabarī''. Edited by Muḥammad Rawshan. 3rd edition. Tehran: Alburz, 1373 Sh. | |||
*Ḥāfiẓ Abrū, ʿAbd Allāh b. Luṭf Allāh. ''Jughrāfīyā-yi Ḥāfiẓ Abrū''. Edited by Ṣādiq Sajādī. Tehran: Mīrāth-i Maktūb, 1375 Sh. | *Ḥāfiẓ Abrū, ʿAbd Allāh b. Luṭf Allāh. ''Jughrāfīyā-yi Ḥāfiẓ Abrū''. Edited by Ṣādiq Sajādī. Tehran: Mīrāth-i Maktūb, 1375 Sh. | ||
*Ḥamawī, Yāqūt b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Muʿjam al-buldān''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1995. | *Ḥamawī, Yāqūt b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Muʿjam al-buldān''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1995. | ||
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*Samʿānī, ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Muḥammad. al-. ''Al-Ansāb''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Yaḥyā al-Muʿallimī al-Yamānī. 1st edition. Hyderabad: Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmānīyya, 1382 AH/1962. | *Samʿānī, ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Muḥammad. al-. ''Al-Ansāb''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Yaḥyā al-Muʿallimī al-Yamānī. 1st edition. Hyderabad: Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmānīyya, 1382 AH/1962. | ||
*Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2006. | *Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2006. | ||
*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-.Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk. Edited by Muḥammad Abu l-faḍl Ibrāhīm. Second edition. Beirut: Dar al-Turāth, 1387 AH. | *Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-.''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Edited by Muḥammad Abu l-faḍl Ibrāhīm. Second edition. Beirut: Dar al-Turāth, 1387 AH. | ||
*Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Maghāzī''. Edited by Marsden Jones. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Aʿlām, 1409 AH. | *Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Maghāzī''. Edited by Marsden Jones. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Aʿlām, 1409 AH. | ||
*Yaʿqūbī, Aḥmad b. Abī Yaʿqūb al-. ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī''. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, [n.p]. | *Yaʿqūbī, Aḥmad b. Abī Yaʿqūb al-. ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī''. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, [n.p]. | ||
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[[Category:Historical cities in Arabia]] | |||
[[Category:Places attributed to Imam Ali (a)]] | |||
[[Category:Historical cities in Arabia]] | |||
[[Category:Places attributed to Imam Ali (a)]] | |||
[[Category:Historical cities in Arabia]] | |||
[[Category:Places attributed to Imam Ali (a)]] | |||
[[Category:Historical cities in Arabia]] | |||
[[Category:Places attributed to Imam Ali (a)]] | |||
[[Category:Historical cities in Arabia]] | |||
[[Category:Places attributed to Imam Ali (a)]] | |||
[[Category:Historical cities in Arabia]] | |||
[[Category:Places attributed to Imam Ali (a)]] | |||
[[Category:Historical cities in Arabia]] | |||
[[Category:Places attributed to Imam Ali (a)]] | |||
[[Category:Historical cities in Arabia]] | |||
[[Category:Places attributed to Imam Ali (a)]] | |||
[[Category:Historical cities in Arabia]] | |||
[[Category:Places attributed to Imam Ali (a)]] | |||
[[Category:Historical cities in Arabia]] | [[Category:Historical cities in Arabia]] | ||
[[Category:Places attributed to Imam Ali (a)]] | [[Category:Places attributed to Imam Ali (a)]] | ||