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'Alayhi al-Salam: Difference between revisions
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==Uses and Similar Phrases== | ==Uses and Similar Phrases== | ||
'Alayh al-salam is a supplication phrase, which means peace be upon him. It is used after mentioning the [[Imams (a)]], [[prophets]], some [[Imamzadas]] such as [['Abbas (a)]], [['Ali al-Akbar (a)]], and [['Ali al-Asghar (a)]], as well as some [[angels]] such as [[Gabriel]] or Jibra'il. | 'Alayh al-salam is a supplication phrase, which means peace be upon him. It is used after mentioning the [[Imams (a)]], [[prophets]],<ref>Dihkhudā, ''Lughatnāma'', under the word 'Alayh al-salam.</ref> some [[Imamzadas]] such as [['Abbas (a)]],<ref>Muḥammadī Reyshahrī, ''Dānishnāmah-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn (a)'', vol. 1, p. 185; Mudarrisī wa Shūshtarī Zādih, ''Ḥaḍrat-i ʿAlī Akbar (a)'', p. 8.</ref> [['Ali al-Akbar (a)]],<ref>Muḥammadī Reyshahrī, ''Guzīda-yi shahādatnāmah-yi Imām Ḥusayn (a)'', p. 55; Mudarrisī wa Shūshtarī Zādih, ''Ḥaḍrat-i ʿAlī Akbar'', p. 8.</ref> and [['Ali al-Asghar (a)]],<ref>Zahīrī, ''Qiṣaṣ al-Ḥusayn (a)'', vol. 1, p. 181.</ref> as well as some [[angels]] such as [[Gabriel]] or Jibra'il.<ref>Muḥammadī Reyshahrī, ''Dānishnāmah-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn (a)'', vol. 1, p. 130; Mudarrisī wa Shūshtarī Zādih, ''Ḥaḍrat-i ʿAlī Akbar (a)'', p. 6.</ref> | ||
When two Imams or prophets are mentioned, the dual form of the phrase is used: 'alayhima al-salam (peace be upon them both), and when more than two are mentioned, the plural form is used: 'alayhim al-salam (peace be upon them). Other than alayh al-salam, there are other phrases, which | When two Imams or prophets are mentioned, the dual form of the phrase is used: 'alayhima al-salam (peace be upon them both),<ref>Anwarī, ''Farhang-i buzurg-i sukhan'', under the word 'Alayhima al-salam.</ref> and when more than two are mentioned, the plural form is used: 'alayhim al-salam (peace be upon them).<ref>Anwarī, ''Farhang-i buzurg-i sukhan'', under the word 'Alayhim al-salam.</ref> Other than alayh al-salam, there are other phrases, which [[Shi'as]] use after mentioning the Imams (a), such as salam Allah 'alayh (God’s peace be upon him), salawat Allah 'alayh (God’s greetings be to him),<ref>Nizām Aʿraj, ''Sharh al-nazzām'', note, p. 25.</ref> 'alayh al-salat wa-l-salam (greeting and peace be upon him),<ref>Anwarī, ''Farhang-i buzurg-i sukhan'', under the word 'Alayh al-salat wa-l-salam.</ref> as well as more embellished phrases such as: 'alayh afdal al-salat wa-l-salam (the greatest greeting and peace be upon him) and 'alayh alaf al-tahiyya wa-l-thana (thousands of salutations and praises be upon him).<ref>Anwarī, ''Farhang-i buzurg-i sukhan'', under the word 'Alayh alaf al-tahiyya wa-l-thana.</ref> | ||
When women and girls from the [[Prophet’s (s) household]] are mentioned, including [[Lady Fatima (a)]], [[Lady Zaynab (a)]], [[Lady Ma'suma (a)]], as well as other females such as [[Khadija (a)]] the Prophet’s (s) wife, [[Mary (a)]] the mother of Jesus, and [[Asiya]] the wife of the Pharaoh, the phrase | When women and girls from the [[Prophet’s (s) household]] are mentioned,<ref>Anwarī, ''Farhang-i buzurg-i sukhan'', under the word Salam Allah 'alayha.</ref> including [[Lady Fatima (a)]],<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 11, p. 88; Muḥammadī Reyshahrī, ''Dānishnāmah-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn (a)'', vol. 1, p. 185.</ref> [[Lady Zaynab (a)]],<ref>Muḥammadī Reyshahrī, ''Dānishnāmah-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn (a)'', vol. 1, p. 166.</ref> [[Lady Ma'suma (a)]],<ref>Ṣāfī Gulpāyigānī, silsila mabāḥith imāmat wa mahdawīyyat, vol. 2, p. 278.</ref> as well as other females such as [[Khadija (a)]]<ref>Muḥammadī Reyshahrī, ''Dānishnāmah-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn (a)'', vol. 1, p. 223.</ref> the Prophet’s (s) wife, [[Mary (a)]] the mother of Jesus<ref>Muḥammadī Reyshahrī, ''Dānishnāmah-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn (a)'', vol. 7, p. 394.</ref>, and [[Asiya]] the wife of the Pharaoh,<ref>Ḥāshimī Rafsanjānī, ''Farhang-i Qurʾān'', vol. 16, p. 247.</ref> the phrase «salam Allah 'alayha» or «'alayha al-salam» are used. In the case of the Prophet (s), instead of 'alayh al-salam', the phrase [[salla Allah 'alayh wa-alih]] is used.<ref>Dihkhudā, ''Lughatnāma'', under the word salla Allah 'alayh wa-alih.</ref> | ||
[[Sunni Muslims]] honor prophets and some angels by using 'alayh al-salam, but in the case of Shiite Imams, they use the same phrase they use for Sahaba: radi Allah 'anh (may God be pleased with him). For Imam 'Ali (a), they also use the phrase karram Allah wajhah (may God honor his face). Moreover, in Sunni books, the phrase 'alayh al-salam is often used after mentioning Imam 'Ali (a). Ibn al-Kathir, a Sunni historiographer and Quranic exegete, and Muhammad Salih al-Munajjid, a [[Salafi]] scholar, believe that in these cases 'alayh al-salam was used after Imam 'Ali’s (a) name not by the authors, but by transcribers. | [[Sunni Muslims]] honor prophets<ref>See: Zamakhsharī, ''al-kashshāf'', vol. 1, p. 61 and 129; Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Mafātīḥ al-ghayb (al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr)'', vol. 1, p. 136.</ref> and some angels<ref>Zamakhsharī, ''al-kashshāf'', vol. 1, p. 83 and vol. 22, p. 171.</ref> by using 'alayh al-salam, but in the case of Shiite Imams, they use the same phrase they use for Sahaba: radi Allah 'anh (may God be pleased with him). For Imam 'Ali (a), they also use the phrase karram Allah wajhah (may God honor his face). Moreover, in Sunni books, the phrase 'alayh al-salam is often used after mentioning Imam 'Ali (a). Ibn al-Kathir, a Sunni historiographer and Quranic exegete, and Muhammad Salih al-Munajjid, a [[Salafi]] scholar, believe that in these cases 'alayh al-salam was used after Imam 'Ali’s (a) name not by the authors, but by transcribers. | ||
Sunni scholars sometimes use the phrase salla Allah 'alayh wa-sallam (may God greet him and send peace upon him) and sometimes salla Allah 'alayh wa-alih wa-sallam (may God greet him and his household and send peace), and they sometimes use 'alayh al-salam after mentioning the Prophet (s). | Sunni scholars sometimes use the phrase salla Allah 'alayh wa-sallam (may God greet him and send peace upon him) and sometimes salla Allah 'alayh wa-alih wa-sallam (may God greet him and his household and send peace), and they sometimes use 'alayh al-salam after mentioning the Prophet (s). | ||