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'Alayhi al-Salam: Difference between revisions
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When two Imams or prophets are mentioned, the dual form of the phrase is used: 'alayhima al-salam (peace be upon them both),<ref>Anwarī, ''Farhang-i buzurg-i sukhan'', under the word 'Alayhima al-salam.</ref> and when more than two are mentioned, the plural form is used: 'alayhim al-salam (peace be upon them).<ref>Anwarī, ''Farhang-i buzurg-i sukhan'', under the word 'Alayhim al-salam.</ref> Other than alayh al-salam, there are other phrases, which [[Shi'as]] use after mentioning the Imams (a), such as salam Allah 'alayh (God’s peace be upon him), salawat Allah 'alayh (God’s greetings be to him),<ref>Nizām Aʿraj, ''Sharh al-nazzām'', note, p. 25.</ref> 'alayh al-salat wa-l-salam (greeting and peace be upon him),<ref>Anwarī, ''Farhang-i buzurg-i sukhan'', under the word 'Alayh al-salat wa-l-salam.</ref> as well as more embellished phrases such as: 'alayh afdal al-salat wa-l-salam (the greatest greeting and peace be upon him) and 'alayh alaf al-tahiyya wa-l-thana (thousands of salutations and praises be upon him).<ref>Anwarī, ''Farhang-i buzurg-i sukhan'', under the word 'Alayh alaf al-tahiyya wa-l-thana.</ref> | When two Imams or prophets are mentioned, the dual form of the phrase is used: 'alayhima al-salam (peace be upon them both),<ref>Anwarī, ''Farhang-i buzurg-i sukhan'', under the word 'Alayhima al-salam.</ref> and when more than two are mentioned, the plural form is used: 'alayhim al-salam (peace be upon them).<ref>Anwarī, ''Farhang-i buzurg-i sukhan'', under the word 'Alayhim al-salam.</ref> Other than alayh al-salam, there are other phrases, which [[Shi'as]] use after mentioning the Imams (a), such as salam Allah 'alayh (God’s peace be upon him), salawat Allah 'alayh (God’s greetings be to him),<ref>Nizām Aʿraj, ''Sharh al-nazzām'', note, p. 25.</ref> 'alayh al-salat wa-l-salam (greeting and peace be upon him),<ref>Anwarī, ''Farhang-i buzurg-i sukhan'', under the word 'Alayh al-salat wa-l-salam.</ref> as well as more embellished phrases such as: 'alayh afdal al-salat wa-l-salam (the greatest greeting and peace be upon him) and 'alayh alaf al-tahiyya wa-l-thana (thousands of salutations and praises be upon him).<ref>Anwarī, ''Farhang-i buzurg-i sukhan'', under the word 'Alayh alaf al-tahiyya wa-l-thana.</ref> | ||
When women and girls from the [[Prophet’s (s) household]] are mentioned,<ref>Anwarī, ''Farhang-i buzurg-i sukhan'', under the word Salam Allah 'alayha.</ref> including [[Lady Fatima (a)]],<ref>See: Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 11, p. 88; Muḥammadī Reyshahrī, ''Dānishnāmah-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn (a)'', vol. 1, p. 185.</ref> [[Lady Zaynab (a)]],<ref>See: Muḥammadī Reyshahrī, ''Dānishnāmah-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn (a)'', vol. 1, p. 166.</ref> [[Lady Ma'suma (a)]],<ref>See: Ṣāfī Gulpāyigānī, silsila mabāḥith imāmat wa mahdawīyyat, vol. 2, p. 278.</ref> as well as other females such as [[Khadija (a)]]<ref>See: Muḥammadī Reyshahrī, ''Dānishnāmah-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn (a)'', vol. 1, p. 223.</ref> the Prophet’s (s) wife, [[Mary (a)]] the mother of Jesus<ref>See: Muḥammadī Reyshahrī, ''Dānishnāmah-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn (a)'', vol. 7, p. 394.</ref>, and [[Asiya]] the wife of the Pharaoh,<ref>See: Ḥāshimī Rafsanjānī, ''Farhang-i Qurʾān'', vol. 16, p. 247.</ref> the phrase | When women and girls from the [[Prophet’s (s) household]] are mentioned,<ref>Anwarī, ''Farhang-i buzurg-i sukhan'', under the word Salam Allah 'alayha.</ref> including [[Lady Fatima (a)]],<ref>See: Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 11, p. 88; Muḥammadī Reyshahrī, ''Dānishnāmah-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn (a)'', vol. 1, p. 185.</ref> [[Lady Zaynab (a)]],<ref>See: Muḥammadī Reyshahrī, ''Dānishnāmah-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn (a)'', vol. 1, p. 166.</ref> [[Lady Ma'suma (a)]],<ref>See: Ṣāfī Gulpāyigānī, silsila mabāḥith imāmat wa mahdawīyyat, vol. 2, p. 278.</ref> as well as other females such as [[Khadija (a)]]<ref>See: Muḥammadī Reyshahrī, ''Dānishnāmah-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn (a)'', vol. 1, p. 223.</ref> the Prophet’s (s) wife, [[Mary (a)]] the mother of Jesus<ref>See: Muḥammadī Reyshahrī, ''Dānishnāmah-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn (a)'', vol. 7, p. 394.</ref>, and [[Asiya]] the wife of the Pharaoh,<ref>See: Ḥāshimī Rafsanjānī, ''Farhang-i Qurʾān'', vol. 16, p. 247.</ref> the phrase "salam Allah 'alayha" or "'alayha al-salam" are used. In the case of the Prophet (s), instead of 'alayh al-salam', the phrase [[salla Allah 'alayh wa-alih]] is used.<ref>Dihkhudā, ''Lughatnāma'', under the word salla Allah 'alayh wa-alih.</ref> | ||
[[Sunni Muslims]] honor prophets<ref>See: Zamakhsharī, ''al-kashshāf'', vol. 1, p. 61 and 129; Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Mafātīḥ al-ghayb (al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr)'', vol. 1, p. 136.</ref> and some angels<ref>See: Zamakhsharī, ''al-kashshāf'', vol. 1, p. 350; Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Mafātīḥ al-ghayb (al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr)'', vol. 1, p. 83 and vol. 22, p. 171.</ref> by using 'alayh al-salam, but in the case of Shiite Imams (a), they use the same phrase they use for Sahaba: "radi Allah 'anh" (may God be pleased with him).<ref>See: Suyūṭī, ''Al-Durr al-manthūr'', p. 524; </ref> For Imam 'Ali (a), they also use the phrase "karram Allah wajhah" (may God honor his face).<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''Tafsīr'', vol. 3, p. 524; Ibn Ḥajar al-Haytamī, <nowiki>''</nowiki>al-fatāwā l-ḥadīthiyya<nowiki>''</nowiki>, vol. 1, p. 41. </ref> Moreover, in Sunni books, the phrase 'alayh al-salam is often used after mentioning Imam 'Ali (a).<ref>Mūjāhid b. Jabr, <nowiki>''</nowiki>Tafsīr Mūjāhid<nowiki>''</nowiki>, p. 684; Thaʿlabī, <nowiki>''</nowiki>al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān<nowiki>''</nowiki>, vol. 1, p. 136.</ref> Ibn al-Kathir, a Sunni historiographer and Quranic exegete,<ref>Ibn Kathīr, <nowiki>''</nowiki>Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm<nowiki>''</nowiki>, vol. 6, p. 478</ref> and Muhammad Salih al-Munajjid, a [[Salafi]] scholar,<ref>al- | [[Sunni Muslims]] honor prophets<ref>See: Zamakhsharī, ''al-kashshāf'', vol. 1, p. 61 and 129; Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Mafātīḥ al-ghayb (al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr)'', vol. 1, p. 136.</ref> and some angels<ref>See: Zamakhsharī, ''al-kashshāf'', vol. 1, p. 350; Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Mafātīḥ al-ghayb (al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr)'', vol. 1, p. 83 and vol. 22, p. 171.</ref> by using 'alayh al-salam, but in the case of Shiite Imams (a), they use the same phrase they use for Sahaba: "radi Allah 'anh" (may God be pleased with him).<ref>See: Suyūṭī, ''Al-Durr al-manthūr'', p. 524; </ref> For Imam 'Ali (a), they also use the phrase "karram Allah wajhah" (may God honor his face).<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''Tafsīr'', vol. 3, p. 524; Ibn Ḥajar al-Haytamī, <nowiki>''</nowiki>al-fatāwā l-ḥadīthiyya<nowiki>''</nowiki>, vol. 1, p. 41. </ref> Moreover, in Sunni books, the phrase 'alayh al-salam is often used after mentioning Imam 'Ali (a).<ref>Mūjāhid b. Jabr, <nowiki>''</nowiki>Tafsīr Mūjāhid<nowiki>''</nowiki>, p. 684; Thaʿlabī, <nowiki>''</nowiki>al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān<nowiki>''</nowiki>, vol. 1, p. 136.</ref> Ibn al-Kathir, a Sunni historiographer and Quranic exegete,<ref>Ibn Kathīr, <nowiki>''</nowiki>Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm<nowiki>''</nowiki>, vol. 6, p. 478</ref> and Muhammad Salih al-Munajjid, a [[Salafi]] scholar,<ref>al-Munajjid, <nowiki>''</nowiki>Mawqiʿ al-Islām suʾāl wa jawāb<nowiki>''</nowiki>, vol. 9, p. 101.</ref> believe that in these cases 'alayh al-salam was used after Imam 'Ali’s (a) name not by the authors, but by transcribers. | ||
Sunni scholars sometimes use the phrase salla Allah 'alayh wa-sallam (may God greet him and send peace upon him) and sometimes salla Allah 'alayh wa-alih wa-sallam (may God greet him and his household and send peace), and they sometimes use 'alayh al-salam after mentioning the Prophet (s). | Sunni scholars sometimes use the phrase "salla Allah 'alayh wa-sallam" (may God greet him and send peace upon him)<ref>See: Thaʿlabī, ''al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 8, p. 116.</ref> and sometimes "salla Allah 'alayh wa-alih wa-sallam"<ref>See: Thaʿlabī, ''al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 8, p. 116.</ref> (may God greet him and his household and send peace), and they sometimes use 'alayh al-salam after mentioning the Prophet (s).<ref>See: Zamakhsharī, ''al-kashshāf'', vol. 1, p. 2; Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Mafātīḥ al-ghayb (al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr)'', vol. 1, p. 175.</ref> | ||
According to a manuscript of the book [[al-Irshad]], which was transcribed in 566 AH, the phrase 'alayh al-salam is used for the Imams (a). | According to a manuscript of the book [[al-Irshad]], which was transcribed in 566 AH, the phrase 'alayh al-salam is used for the Imams (a).<ref>Mufīd, ''Al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 15.</ref> | ||
==Rulings and Reason== | ==Rulings and Reason== | ||