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Sayyid 'Ali Qadi Tabataba'i: Difference between revisions
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There are different opinions regarding his successor in teaching [[ethics]] and [[mysticism]]: | There are different opinions regarding his successor in teaching [[ethics]] and [[mysticism]]: | ||
[[Muhammad | [[Muhammad Hasan Qadi]], his son, has regarded Mirza [[Ibrahim Sharifi]], their son-in-law, as Qadi's successor. Also it has been quoted from [[Hasan 'Ali Nijabat Shirazi]], Qadi's student, that Qadi, in the last days of his life, had introduced [[Muhammad Jawad Ansari Hamadani]], as his spiritual successor. | ||
Some others have introduced [[Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i]] as his successor. But it is famously said that [['Abbas Hatif Quchani]] has been his official successor. | Some others have introduced [[Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i]] as his successor. But it is famously said that [['Abbas Hatif Quchani]] has been his official successor. | ||
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==Travels== | ==Travels== | ||
Sayyid 'Ali lived in [[Najaf]] all his life. He did not leave Najaf except for visiting shrine cities of [[Karbala]], [[Kadhimiya]], and [[Samarra]]. Once he visited [[Mashhad]] about 1330/1912. Coming back from Mashhad, he visited the [[holy shrine of 'Abd al-'Azim | Sayyid 'Ali lived in [[Najaf]] all his life. He did not leave Najaf except for visiting shrine cities of [[Karbala]], [[Kadhimiya]], and [[Samarra]]. Once he visited [[Mashhad]] about 1330/1912. Coming back from Mashhad, he visited the [[holy shrine of 'Abd al-'Azim Hasani]] in [[Rey]] and lived there for a short time. | ||
==Teachers== | ==Teachers== | ||
Qadi Tabataba'i acquired his earlier education in his native city. He learned ''[[al-Tafsir al-Kashshaf]]'' from his father. In addition to his father, [[Musa Tabrizi]], the author of ''A Commentary on Rasa'il Shaykh Ansari'', and [[Muhammad 'Ali Qarachah Daghi]], the author of ''A Commentary on Sharh al-Lum'a al-Dimashqiyya'' were his teachers. He also learned Arabic and Farsi literature from [[Muhammad Taqi Nayyir Tabrizi]], known as Hujjat al-Islam, the famous poet. | Qadi Tabataba'i acquired his earlier education in his native city. He learned ''[[al-Tafsir al-Kashshaf]]'' from his father. In addition to his father, [[Musa Tabrizi]], the author of ''A Commentary on Rasa'il Shaykh Ansari'', and [[Muhammad 'Ali Qarachah Daghi]], the author of ''A Commentary on Sharh al-Lum'a al-Dimashqiyya'' were his teachers. He also learned Arabic and Farsi literature from [[Muhammad Taqi Nayyir Tabrizi]], known as Hujjat al-Islam, the famous poet. | ||
On his father's advice, he became the student of [[Imam Quli Nakhjawani]] for a while to purify himself. In 1308/1891, In order to continue his education, he immigrated to [[Najaf]] where he learned [[jurisprudence]], [[principles of jurisprudence]], [[hadith]], [[interpretation of Qur'an]], and other [[Islamic sciences]] from [[Muhammad Fadil Sharabyani]], [[Muhammad | On his father's advice, he became the student of [[Imam Quli Nakhjawani]] for a while to purify himself. In 1308/1891, In order to continue his education, he immigrated to [[Najaf]] where he learned [[jurisprudence]], [[principles of jurisprudence]], [[hadith]], [[interpretation of Qur'an]], and other [[Islamic sciences]] from [[Muhammad Fadil Sharabyani]], [[Muhammad Hasan Mamaqani]], [[Shaykh al-Shari'ah Isfahani]], [[Akhund Khurasani]], and [[Hussein Khalili]], last one of whom was his teacher of [[ethics]] as well. | ||
He also became the student of [[Sayyid Ahmad Karbala'i]] and [[Shaykh Muhammad Bahari|Muhammad Bahari]], two brilliant students of [[Mulla Husaynquli Hamidani|Mulla Hussein Quli Hamidani]], to practice self- purification. Although Qadi's fame was due to [[mysticism]] and ethics, he was also very knowledgeable about hadith, jurisprudence, and interpretation of Qur'an. Although he was an Islamic authority, he attended Kharij classes [seminary lectures not based on reading textbooks] of [[Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi]], [[Sayyid Muhammad Isfahani]], and other scholars of [[Najaf]]. It is said that he attended the kharij class on Shaykh [[Murtada Ansari]]'s book of [[Tahara]] seven times. | He also became the student of [[Sayyid Ahmad Karbala'i]] and [[Shaykh Muhammad Bahari|Muhammad Bahari]], two brilliant students of [[Mulla Husaynquli Hamidani|Mulla Hussein Quli Hamidani]], to practice self- purification. Although Qadi's fame was due to [[mysticism]] and ethics, he was also very knowledgeable about hadith, jurisprudence, and interpretation of Qur'an. Although he was an Islamic authority, he attended Kharij classes [seminary lectures not based on reading textbooks] of [[Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi]], [[Sayyid Muhammad Isfahani]], and other scholars of [[Najaf]]. It is said that he attended the kharij class on Shaykh [[Murtada Ansari]]'s book of [[Tahara]] seven times. | ||
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[[Al-Sayyid Hashim al-Haddad|Al-Sayyid Hashim Musawi al-Haddad]] who was Qadi's student for 28 years and about whom his teacher once said that he had understood and received the Unity of God so well in his heart that it would be impossible to be damaged. | [[Al-Sayyid Hashim al-Haddad|Al-Sayyid Hashim Musawi al-Haddad]] who was Qadi's student for 28 years and about whom his teacher once said that he had understood and received the Unity of God so well in his heart that it would be impossible to be damaged. | ||
[[Sayyid | [[Sayyid Hasan Isfahani Masqati]] who taught ''[[Shifa]]'' and ''[[Asfar]]'' in [[Najaf]]. On [[Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani]]'s order, the Islamic authority of that time, and on the advice of Qadi, his teacher, he immigrated, perforce, from Najaf to [[Masqat]]. | ||
[[Sayyid Abu al-Qasim Khoei|Sayyid Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei]] who carried out his teacher's instructions and experienced a (visionary) unveiling through which he saw his future teaching and becoming an Islamic authority. | [[Sayyid Abu al-Qasim Khoei|Sayyid Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei]] who carried out his teacher's instructions and experienced a (visionary) unveiling through which he saw his future teaching and becoming an Islamic authority. | ||
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# [['Ali Muhammad Burujirdi]] who wrote exposition of Qazi's lessons | # [['Ali Muhammad Burujirdi]] who wrote exposition of Qazi's lessons | ||
# [[Murtada Ansari Lahiji]] | # [[Murtada Ansari Lahiji]] | ||
# [[Sayyid | # [[Sayyid Hasan Kashmiri]] | ||
# [[Sayyid Ahmad Kashmiri]] | # [[Sayyid Ahmad Kashmiri]] | ||
# [[Murtada Mudarris Gilani]] | # [[Murtada Mudarris Gilani]] | ||
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===Risalah Siyr wa Suluk=== | ===Risalah Siyr wa Suluk=== | ||
Among mystic books, Qadi recommended ''[[Risalah Siyr wa Suluk]]'' by [[Bahr al-'Ulum]]. However, it is quoted from [['Abbas Quchani]], his student, and [[Muhammad | Among mystic books, Qadi recommended ''[[Risalah Siyr wa Suluk]]'' by [[Bahr al-'Ulum]]. However, it is quoted from [['Abbas Quchani]], his student, and [[Muhammad Hasan Qadi]], his son, that Qadi allowed nobody to follow some difficult instructions of this book. He loved ''[[Futuhat al-Makkiyya]]'' and ''[[Mathnawi Mulawi]]'' and believed that some mystics such as [[Rumi]] and [[Ibn 'Arabi]] were [[Shi'a]]. On the contrary, he believed that keeping some books at home, such as ''[[al-Aghani]]'' [by Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani], would bring bad omen because of introducing singers and musicians and describing their immoral behaviors. | ||
===Attributes=== | ===Attributes=== | ||
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==Criticizing the Educational System of the Seminary== | ==Criticizing the Educational System of the Seminary== | ||
Qadi criticized the educational system and some textbooks of the [[Sh'ia Seminary|Seminary]]. He believed that the textbooks should be replaced by new ones. Even he wanted [['Abbas Quchani]], his student, to rewrite ''[[Jawahir al-Kalam]]'' by [[Muhammad | Qadi criticized the educational system and some textbooks of the [[Sh'ia Seminary|Seminary]]. He believed that the textbooks should be replaced by new ones. Even he wanted [['Abbas Quchani]], his student, to rewrite ''[[Jawahir al-Kalam]]'' by [[Muhammad Hasan Najafi]], so he rewrote 21 volumes (of 43 volumes) of the book with his own research and marginal notes. They were published in 1986, [[Tehran]]. | ||
He persuaded [[Mirza Ibrahim Sharifi]], his son-in-law, and [[Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i]] into composing a book on the conduct of [[the Prophet (s)]] from [[Shi'a]]'s point of view, since most of such books have been composed by non-Shiites. He advised his students to study the history of [[Islam]] from the birth of the Prophet (s) to the birth of [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]]. He also persuaded them to study [[theoretical mysticism]] and [[philosophy]]. 'Abbas Quchani, his student, was the only one who taught philosophy in [[Najaf]] at that time. | He persuaded [[Mirza Ibrahim Sharifi]], his son-in-law, and [[Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i]] into composing a book on the conduct of [[the Prophet (s)]] from [[Shi'a]]'s point of view, since most of such books have been composed by non-Shiites. He advised his students to study the history of [[Islam]] from the birth of the Prophet (s) to the birth of [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]]. He also persuaded them to study [[theoretical mysticism]] and [[philosophy]]. 'Abbas Quchani, his student, was the only one who taught philosophy in [[Najaf]] at that time. | ||