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'''Sayyid ʿAlī Qāḍī Ṭabāṭabāʾī''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|السّید علي القاضي الطباطبائي}}), (b. [[1282]] or [[1285]]/1866 or 1869 - d. [[1365]]/1946) was a [[mysticism|mystic]], scholar, and teacher of [[ethics]] in [[Najaf Seminary]], in 14th/20th century. Many scholars, [[faqih]]s (jurisprudents), and Islamic authorities have learned ethics from him.
'''Sayyid ʿAlī Qāḍī Ṭabāṭabāʾī''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|السّید علي قاضي طباطبائي}}), (b. [[1282]] or [[1285]]/1866 or 1869 - d. [[1365]]/1946) was a [[mysticism|mystic]], scholar, and teacher of [[ethics]] in [[Najaf Seminary]], in 14th/20th century. Many scholars, [[faqih]]s (jurisprudents), and Islamic authorities have learned ethics from him.


[['Allama Tabataba'i]], [[Sayyid Abu l-Qasim Khoei|Sayyid Abu l-Qasim al-Khoei]], and [[Muhammad Taqi Bahjat]] were among his famous students.
[['Allama Tabataba'i]], [[Sayyid Abu l-Qasim Khoei|Sayyid Abu l-Qasim al-Khoei]], and [[Muhammad Taqi Bahjat]] were among his famous students.
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His great interest in [[Ibn 'Arabi]] and [[Rumi]] raised criticism of some scholars and led some people to treat him with contempt. In [[mysticism]], he followed [[Mulla Husayn Quli Hamadani|Husayn Quli Hamadani]], his teacher. He believed that it is impossible for travelers upon the path [towards God] to reach the abode of unity without accepting guardianship of [[Imams]] and [[Fatima al-Zahra (a)]].
His great interest in [[Ibn 'Arabi]] and [[Rumi]] raised criticism of some scholars and led some people to treat him with contempt. In [[mysticism]], he followed [[Mulla Husayn Quli Hamadani|Husayn Quli Hamadani]], his teacher. He believed that it is impossible for travelers upon the path [towards God] to reach the abode of unity without accepting guardianship of [[Imams]] and [[Fatima al-Zahra (a)]].


His method of mystical instruction included fulfillment of recommended practices ([[mustahabbat]]), visitation of holy tombs, entreating [[Imam Hussein (a)]] ([[tawassul]]), and having a teacher. He recommended ''[[Risala Siyr wa Suluk]]'' by [[Bahr al-'Ulum]] as the best mystical book, and Ihraq (burn out) as the best method. So many miraculous deeds have been reported from him.
His method of mystical instruction included fulfillment of recommended practices ([[mustahabbat]]), visitation of holy tombs, entreating [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] ([[tawassul]]), and having a teacher. He recommended ''[[Risala Siyr wa Suluk]]'' by [[Bahr al-'Ulum]] as the best mystical book, and Ihraq (burn out) as the best method. So many miraculous deeds have been reported from him.


Although he is famous mostly for his mysticism, his love for mysticism did not prevent him from [learning] other [[Islamic sciences]] such as [[hadith]], jurisprudence ([[fiqh]]), and [[exegesis of the Qur'an]]; even he criticized the educational system and some of the text books of [[Islamic seminary|seminaries]].
Although he is famous mostly for his mysticism, his love for mysticism did not prevent him from [learning] other [[Islamic sciences]] such as [[hadith]], jurisprudence ([[fiqh]]), and [[exegesis of the Qur'an]]; even he criticized the educational system and some of the text books of [[Islamic seminary|seminaries]].
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Qadi Tabataba'i acquired his earlier education in his native city. He learned ''[[al-Tafsir al-Kashshaf]]'' from his father. In addition to his father, [[Musa Tabrizi]], the author of ''A commentary on rasa'il al-Shaykh al-Ansari'', and [[Muhammad 'Ali Qarachi Daghi]], the author of ''A commentary on sharh al-lum'a al-dimashqiyya'' were his teachers. He also learned Arabic and Farsi literature from [[Muhammad Taqi Nayyir Tabrizi]], known as Hujjat al-Islam, the famous poet.
Qadi Tabataba'i acquired his earlier education in his native city. He learned ''[[al-Tafsir al-Kashshaf]]'' from his father. In addition to his father, [[Musa Tabrizi]], the author of ''A commentary on rasa'il al-Shaykh al-Ansari'', and [[Muhammad 'Ali Qarachi Daghi]], the author of ''A commentary on sharh al-lum'a al-dimashqiyya'' were his teachers. He also learned Arabic and Farsi literature from [[Muhammad Taqi Nayyir Tabrizi]], known as Hujjat al-Islam, the famous poet.


On his father's advice, he became the student of [[Imam Quli Nakhjawani]] for a while to purify himself. In [[1308]]/1890-1, in order to continue his education, he immigrated to [[Najaf]] where he learned [[jurisprudence]], [[principles of jurisprudence]], [[hadith]], [[interpretation of Qur'an]], and other [[Islamic sciences]] from [[Muhammad Fadil Sharabyani]], [[Muhammad Hasan al-Mamaqani]], [[Shaykh al-Shari'ah Isfahani]], [[Akhund Khurasani]], and [[Hussein Khalili]], last one of whom was his teacher of [[ethics]] as well.
On his father's advice, he became the student of [[Imam Quli Nakhjawani]] for a while to purify himself. In [[1308]]/1890-1, in order to continue his education, he immigrated to [[Najaf]] where he learned [[jurisprudence]], [[principles of jurisprudence]], [[hadith]], [[interpretation of Qur'an]], and other [[Islamic sciences]] from [[Muhammad Fadil Sharabyani]], [[Muhammad Hasan al-Mamaqani]], [[Shaykh al-Shari'ah Isfahani]], [[Akhund Khurasani]], and [[Husayn Khalili]], last one of whom was his teacher of [[ethics]] as well.


He also became the student of [[Sayyid Ahmad Karbala'i]] and [[Shaykh Muhammad Bahari|Muhammad Bahari]], two brilliant students of [[Mulla Husaynquli Hamidani|Mulla Hussein Quli Hamidani]], to practice self-purification. Although Qadi's fame was due to [[mysticism]] and ethics, he was also very knowledgeable about hadith, jurisprudence, and interpretation of Qur'an. Although he was an Islamic authority, he attended Kharij classes [seminary lectures not based on reading textbooks] of [[Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi]], [[Sayyid Muhammad Isfahani]], and other scholars of [[Najaf]]. It is said that he attended the kharij class of Shaykh [[Murtada al-Ansari]] on the subject of [[Tahara]] seven times.
He also became the student of [[Sayyid Ahmad Karbala'i]] and [[Shaykh Muhammad Bahari|Muhammad Bahari]], two brilliant students of [[Mulla Husaynquli Hamidani|Mulla Husayn Quli Hamidani]], to practice self-purification. Although Qadi's fame was due to [[mysticism]] and ethics, he was also very knowledgeable about hadith, jurisprudence, and interpretation of Qur'an. Although he was an Islamic authority, he attended Kharij classes [seminary lectures not based on reading textbooks] of [[Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi]], [[Sayyid Muhammad Isfahani]], and other scholars of [[Najaf]]. It is said that he attended the kharij class of Shaykh [[Murtada al-Ansari]] on the subject of [[Tahara]] seven times.


==Students==
==Students==
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Opposition from some scholars led some people to treat him with contempt. Even they took out the prayer mat he was sitting on and threatened him with death. Apparently, his great interest for [[Ibn 'Arabi]] and [[Rumi]] and also the relationship of [[Bahar 'Ali Shah]], a Sufi from [[Najaf]], with Qadi had aroused oppositions and had accused him of being a Sufi.
Opposition from some scholars led some people to treat him with contempt. Even they took out the prayer mat he was sitting on and threatened him with death. Apparently, his great interest for [[Ibn 'Arabi]] and [[Rumi]] and also the relationship of [[Bahar 'Ali Shah]], a Sufi from [[Najaf]], with Qadi had aroused oppositions and had accused him of being a Sufi.


[[Mirza Mahdi Isfahani]] (d. 1946), a scholar from [[Mashhad]], who rejected many philosophical thoughts and [[theoretical mysticism]], was one of Qadi's important opposers. Despite Qadi's commitment to [[religion]] and not being attributed to Sufi movements, he firmly opposed him.
[[Mirza Mahdi Isfahani]] (d. 1325 Sh/1946-7), a scholar from [[Mashhad]], who rejected many philosophical thoughts and [[theoretical mysticism]], was one of Qadi's important opposers. Despite Qadi's commitment to [[religion]] and not being attributed to Sufi movements, he firmly opposed him.


[[Sayyid 'Abd al-Ghaffar Mazandarani]], a famous ascetic from Najaf, was also one of Qadi's opposers.
[[Sayyid 'Abd al-Ghaffar Mazandarani]], a famous ascetic from Najaf, was also one of Qadi's opposers.
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It is quoted from [[Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i]] that Sayyid 'Ali Qadi was attributed to no Sufi movements, but rather he followed spiritual disciplines of [[Mulla Husaynquli Hamidani|Husayn Quli Hamidani]] and his teacher, [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]], who themselves followed an unknown ascetic called [[Jula]].
It is quoted from [[Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i]] that Sayyid 'Ali Qadi was attributed to no Sufi movements, but rather he followed spiritual disciplines of [[Mulla Husaynquli Hamidani|Husayn Quli Hamidani]] and his teacher, [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]], who themselves followed an unknown ascetic called [[Jula]].


On the contrary, his son, [[Sayyid Muhammad Hasan Qadi]], does not believe that his father followed the conduct of Hussein Quli Hamadani's students. In his opinion, he followed the conduct of his father, Sayyid Husayn. Sayyid Husayn was the student of [[Imam Quli Nakhjawani]], Imam Quli was the student of [[Sayyid Muhammad Qurayshi Qazwini]], he was the student of [[Mihrab Gilani Isfahani]], he was the student of [[Aqa Muhammad Bidabadi]], and he was the student of [[Sayyid Qutb al-Din Muhammad Niyrizi]], one of the leaders of [[Dhahabiyya]]. However, it is quoted from himself that he had denied his relationship with this movement and said that his conduct was the same as Islamic scholars and jurisprudents'.
On the contrary, his son, [[Sayyid Muhammad Hasan Qadi]], does not believe that his father followed the conduct of Husayn Quli Hamadani's students. In his opinion, he followed the conduct of his father, Sayyid Husayn. Sayyid Husayn was the student of [[Imam Quli Nakhjawani]], Imam Quli was the student of [[Sayyid Muhammad Qurayshi Qazwini]], he was the student of [[Mihrab Gilani Isfahani]], he was the student of [[Aqa Muhammad Bidabadi]], and he was the student of [[Sayyid Qutb al-Din Muhammad Niyrizi]], one of the leaders of [[Dhahabiyya]]. However, it is quoted from himself that he had denied his relationship with this movement and said that his conduct was the same as Islamic scholars and jurisprudents'.


In [[Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Husayni Tihrani|Husayni Tihrani]]'s (one of the students of 'Allamah Tabataba'i) opinion, Qadi followed the conduct of his father at the beginning, but after his father's death, he became the student of [[Sayyid Ahmad Karbala'i]] and followed the conduct of [[Hussein Quli Hamidani]]. Qadi was also the companion of [[Sayyid Murtada Kashmiri]] for ten years, but he is not counted as his student in [[ethics]] and [[mysticism]]. Because Kashmiri vigorously opposed [[Ibn 'Arabi]] and his works, while Qadi's view point was totally different.
In [[Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Husayni Tihrani|Husayni Tihrani]]'s (one of the students of 'Allamah Tabataba'i) opinion, Qadi followed the conduct of his father at the beginning, but after his father's death, he became the student of [[Sayyid Ahmad Karbala'i]] and followed the conduct of [[Husayn Quli Hamidani]]. Qadi was also the companion of [[Sayyid Murtada Kashmiri]] for ten years, but he is not counted as his student in [[ethics]] and [[mysticism]]. Because Kashmiri vigorously opposed [[Ibn 'Arabi]] and his works, while Qadi's view point was totally different.


Qadi believed that reaching the position of (true belief in) the [[Unity of God]] and true spiritual wayfaring towards [[God]] is impossible without accepting the guardianship of [[Imams (a)]] and [[Fatima al-Zahra (s)]].
Qadi believed that reaching the position of (true belief in) the [[Unity of God]] and true spiritual wayfaring towards [[God]] is impossible without accepting the guardianship of [[Imams (a)]] and [[Fatima al-Zahra (s)]].


In fact, his spiritual conduct was the same as Hussein Quli Hamadani's. According to his discipline, in order to free mind from occupations, the spiritual wayfarer needs to allocate at least half an hour each day for assessing his self, so that gradually he knows himself. Moreover, in order to remove barriers and blockades, he needs to entreat [[Imam Husayn (a)]].
In fact, his spiritual conduct was the same as Husayn Quli Hamadani's. According to his discipline, in order to free mind from occupations, the spiritual wayfarer needs to allocate at least half an hour each day for assessing his self, so that gradually he knows himself. Moreover, in order to remove barriers and blockades, he needs to entreat [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]].


===Ihraq (burning)===
===Ihraq (burning)===
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