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'Aza'im: Difference between revisions
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==Verses requiring prostration== | ==Verses requiring prostration== | ||
According to Shiite [[Mujtahid|jurists]], [[Sura al-Sajda|Qur'an 32]]:15, [[Sura Fussilat|Qur'an 41]]:37, [[Sura al-Najm|Qur'an 53]]:62, and [[Sura al-'Alaq|Qur'an 96]]:19 require prostration.<ref>Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 577.</ref> Also, according to [[Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi]] (the author of [[Jawahir al-kalam (book)|Jawahir]]), eleven verses of the Qur'an in ten suras have [[Mustahabb|recommended]] prostration.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 10, p. 217.</ref> These verses are verse [[Sura al-A'raf|Qur'an 7]]:206, [[Sura al-Ra'd|Qur'an 13]]:15, [[Sura al-Nahl|Qur'an 16]]:49,50, [[Sura al-Isra'|Qur'an 17]]:109, [[Sura Maryam|Qur'an 19]]:58, [[Sura al-Hajj|Qur'an 22]]:18,77, [[Sura al-Furqan|Qur'an 25]]:60, [[Sura al-Naml|Qur'an 27]]:26, [[Sura Sad|Qur'an 38]]:24, and [[Sura al-Inshiqaq|Qur'an 84]]:21.<ref>Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 577-578.</ref> According to what has been attributed to [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq|Shaykh Saduq]], the existence of the word | According to Shiite [[Mujtahid|jurists]], [[Sura al-Sajda|Qur'an 32]]:15, [[Sura Fussilat|Qur'an 41]]:37, [[Sura al-Najm|Qur'an 53]]:62, and [[Sura al-'Alaq|Qur'an 96]]:19 require prostration.<ref>Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 577.</ref> Also, according to [[Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi]] (the author of [[Jawahir al-kalam (book)|Jawahir]]), eleven verses of the Qur'an in ten suras have [[Mustahabb|recommended]] prostration.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 10, p. 217.</ref> These verses are verse [[Sura al-A'raf|Qur'an 7]]:206, [[Sura al-Ra'd|Qur'an 13]]:15, [[Sura al-Nahl|Qur'an 16]]:49,50, [[Sura al-Isra'|Qur'an 17]]:109, [[Sura Maryam|Qur'an 19]]:58, [[Sura al-Hajj|Qur'an 22]]:18,77, [[Sura al-Furqan|Qur'an 25]]:60, [[Sura al-Naml|Qur'an 27]]:26, [[Sura Sad|Qur'an 38]]:24, and [[Sura al-Inshiqaq|Qur'an 84]]:21.<ref>Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 577-578.</ref> According to what has been attributed to [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq|Shaykh Saduq]], the existence of the word "sajda" in the verse entails recommended prostration.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 10, p. 217.</ref> | ||
Shiite jurists, referring to narrations from [[Imam Ja'far b. Muhammad al-Sadiq (a)|Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], believe that prostration is obligatory only in the four mentioned suras.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Tahdhīb al-aḥkām'', vol. 2, p. 291, h. 26-27.</ref> [[Shafi'i]], Hanbali, and Hanafi Sunni jurists, without differentiating between recommended and obligatory prostrations in the [[Qur'an]], consider the number of verses requiring prostration to be 14, and Maliki jurists consider them to be eleven.<ref>Jazīrī, ''al-Fiqh ʿalā al-madhāhib al-arbaʿa'', vol. 1, p. 425.</ref> | Shiite jurists, referring to narrations from [[Imam Ja'far b. Muhammad al-Sadiq (a)|Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], believe that prostration is obligatory only in the four mentioned suras.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Tahdhīb al-aḥkām'', vol. 2, p. 291, h. 26-27.</ref> [[Shafi'i]], Hanbali, and Hanafi Sunni jurists, without differentiating between recommended and obligatory prostrations in the [[Qur'an]], consider the number of verses requiring prostration to be 14, and Maliki jurists consider them to be eleven.<ref>Jazīrī, ''al-Fiqh ʿalā al-madhāhib al-arbaʿa'', vol. 1, p. 425.</ref> | ||
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* Reciting them is forbidden for women during their [[menstruation]]<ref>Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 1, p. 603.</ref> and for [[Janaba|junub]] persons<ref>Yazdī,a''l-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 1, p. 510.</ref>. Jurists disagree on whether it is forbidden for such women to recite only the [[Verse|verses]] requiring prostration or it is forbidden for them to recite the entire suras.<ref>Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 1, p. 510 and 603; Banī Hāshimī Khomeinī, ''Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil-i marajiʿ'', vol. 1, p. 225-227 and 276.</ref> [[Al-'Allama al-Hilli|Allama Hilli]] has said that it is forbidden for these women to recite even one word of the mentioned suras.<ref>Ḥillī, ''Mukhtalaf al-Shīʿa'', vol. 1, p. 333.</ref> But, if they hear the verses requiring prostration, it is obligatory for them to prostrate.<ref>Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 583.</ref> | * Reciting them is forbidden for women during their [[menstruation]]<ref>Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 1, p. 603.</ref> and for [[Janaba|junub]] persons<ref>Yazdī,a''l-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 1, p. 510.</ref>. Jurists disagree on whether it is forbidden for such women to recite only the [[Verse|verses]] requiring prostration or it is forbidden for them to recite the entire suras.<ref>Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 1, p. 510 and 603; Banī Hāshimī Khomeinī, ''Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil-i marajiʿ'', vol. 1, p. 225-227 and 276.</ref> [[Al-'Allama al-Hilli|Allama Hilli]] has said that it is forbidden for these women to recite even one word of the mentioned suras.<ref>Ḥillī, ''Mukhtalaf al-Shīʿa'', vol. 1, p. 333.</ref> But, if they hear the verses requiring prostration, it is obligatory for them to prostrate.<ref>Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 583.</ref> | ||
* According to the [[fatwa]] of Shiite jurists, deliberately reciting suras with [[Al-Wajib (fiqh)|obligatory]] [[Sujud|prostration]] in [[Obligatory Prayers|obligatory prayers]] invalidates the prayer.<ref>Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 580; Khomeiniī, ''Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil (muḥashā)'', vol. 1, p. 545.</ref> If someone recites one of these suras inadvertently in prayer | * According to the [[fatwa]] of Shiite jurists, deliberately reciting suras with [[Al-Wajib (fiqh)|obligatory]] [[Sujud|prostration]] in [[Obligatory Prayers|obligatory prayers]] invalidates the prayer.<ref>Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 580; Khomeiniī, ''Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil (muḥashā)'', vol. 1, p. 545.</ref> If someone recites one of these suras inadvertently in prayer if he realizes it before reaching the verse requiring prostration or half of the sura, he should leave the sura and recite another sura, and if he realizes it after the verse requiring prostration or half of the sura, there is a disagreement among [[Marja'|marja’s]] on how to perform prostration and the prayer.<ref>Khomeiniī, ''Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil (muḥashā)'', vol. 1, p. 545-546.</ref> According to the fatwa of [[Sayyid Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini|Imam Khomeini]], in this case, the person should prostrate with a gesture and only recite the sura having prostration.<ref>Khomeiniī, ''Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil (muḥashā)'', vol. 1, p. 545.</ref> Also, according to the fatwa of [[Al-Sayyid Ali al-Husayni al-Sistani|Ayatollah Sistani]] and [[Sayyid Musa Shubayri Zanjani]], if the person does not perform the obligatory prostration, his prayer is valid even though he has committed a [[sin]].<ref>Khomeiniī, ''Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil (muḥashā)'', vol. 1, p. 546.</ref> | ||
* The obligatory prostration in the [[Qur'an]] is immediate obligation. Therefore, by reciting or hearing the verses requiring prostration from the suras of 'Aza'im, prostration becomes obligatory immediately.<ref>Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 578.</ref> | * The obligatory prostration in the [[Qur'an]] is immediate obligation. Therefore, by reciting or hearing the verses requiring prostration from the suras of 'Aza'im, prostration becomes obligatory immediately.<ref>Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 578.</ref> | ||
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[[Category:Fiqh terminology]] | [[Category:Fiqh terminology]] | ||
[[Category:Quranic terminology]] | [[Category:Quranic terminology]] | ||
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