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Abd al-Muttalib: Difference between revisions
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==Personality of Abd al-Muttalib== | ==Personality of Abd al-Muttalib== | ||
Muttalib inherited his brother's | Muttalib inherited his brother's position and was appointed as chieftain. Sometime later, he died in [[Yemen]], in a land called Radman. The positions he had inherited from his father were passed down to Abd al-Muttalib, who was his nephew. Abd al-Muttalib became a noble in Mecca as a result of his magnanimity, good management, and strategies. He became famous and his superiority became clear. [[Quraysh]] acknowledged his nobility as well.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubra'', vol. 1, p. 77; Ibn Khaldūn, ''al-ʿIbar'', vol. 1, p. 386.</ref> | ||
[[Al-Ya'qubi]] says: "Abd al-Muttalib was an unparalleled noble of Quraysh in those days, for God had granted him magnanimity He had granted no one else before, and quenched his thirst from the Zamzam well (in Mecca) and Dhu l-Harm (in [[Ta'if]]). Quraysh appointed him as referee for [issues relating to] their wealth. He fed the people in times of famine and hunger, so much that he had even fed the mountains' birds. In this regard [[Abu Talib]] says: | [[Al-Ya'qubi]] says: "Abd al-Muttalib was an unparalleled noble of Quraysh in those days, for God had granted him magnanimity He had granted no one else before, and quenched his thirst from the Zamzam well (in Mecca) and Dhu l-Harm (in [[Ta'if]]). Quraysh appointed him as referee for [issues relating to] their wealth. He fed the people in times of famine and hunger, so much so that he had even fed the mountains' birds. In this regard [[Abu Talib]] says: | ||
:::When the hands of gamblers start to tremble (i.e., when the generous start to become stingy), we shall give people so much food that even the birds will eat from what is left. | :::When the hands of gamblers start to tremble (i.e., when the generous start to become stingy), we shall give people so much food that even the birds will eat from what is left. | ||
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{{main|Army of the Elephant}} | {{main|Army of the Elephant}} | ||
[[File:Companions-of-the-elephant.jpg|285px|thumbnail|[[Army of the Elephant]]: A scene from ''Muhammad (s): The Messenger of God'' directed by Majid Majidi]] | [[File:Companions-of-the-elephant.jpg|285px|thumbnail|[[Army of the Elephant]]: A scene from ''Muhammad (s): The Messenger of God'' directed by Majid Majidi]] | ||
According to religious and regional narrations, Abraha's offensive against Mecca, famously known as the [[Army of the Elephant]], was contemporary to Abd al-Muttalib. Abraha marched from Yemen to Mecca with an army of elephants to destroy the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 92.</ref> Abraha's army pillaged the camels of Quraysh, for which a meeting between Abd al-Muttalib and Abraha was organized, where Abd al-Muttalib only requested his camels be freed. Abraha said, "I thought you | According to religious and regional narrations, Abraha's offensive against Mecca, famously known as the [[Army of the Elephant]], was contemporary to Abd al-Muttalib. Abraha marched from Yemen to Mecca with an army of elephants to destroy the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 92.</ref> Abraha's army pillaged the camels of Quraysh, for which a meeting between Abd al-Muttalib and Abraha was organized, where Abd al-Muttalib only requested his camels be freed. Abraha said, "I thought you had come to negotiate about the Ka'ba." Abd al-Muttalib replied, "I am the master of the camels, and that house (Ka'ba) has a master for itself." He went back to Mecca and told the people to go to the mountains and take their belongings with them.<ref>Maqdisī, ''al-Bidaʾ wa l-tārīkh'', vol. 1, p. 532.</ref> Only a couple of Abraha's men survived and fled the following day when a giant flock of birds attacked his army.<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 47.</ref> | ||
==Digging the Zamzam Well== | ==Digging the Zamzam Well== | ||
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In his book, ''[[Al-Khisal]]'', al-Shaykh al-Saduq narrates from Imam al-Sadiq (a) that the [Prophet (s)]] said to Imam 'Ali (a), "Abd al-Muttalib established five traditions during the [[Age of Ignorance]] that God [also] obligated in Islam: He disallowed sons from marrying their father's wives and God has said in the Qur'an: | In his book, ''[[Al-Khisal]]'', al-Shaykh al-Saduq narrates from Imam al-Sadiq (a) that the [Prophet (s)]] said to Imam 'Ali (a), "Abd al-Muttalib established five traditions during the [[Age of Ignorance]] that God [also] obligated in Islam: He disallowed sons from marrying their father's wives and God has said in the Qur'an: | ||
{{ | {{ | ||
Centered pull quote|Do not marry any of the women your fathers had married, excluding what is already past. That is indeed an indecency, an outrage and an evil course. | Centered pull quote|Do not marry any of the women your fathers had married, excluding what is already past. That is indeed an indecency, an outrage, and an evil course. | ||
|author=Qur'an | |author=Qur'an | ||
|source=4:22 | |source=4:22 | ||
}} | }} | ||
He found a treasure (this could be the treasure he excavated from the Zamzam well) and gave a fifth of it as | He found a treasure (this could be the treasure he excavated from the Zamzam well) and gave a fifth of it as charity, God says in the Qur'an: | ||
{{ | {{ | ||
centered pull quote|Know that whatever thing you may come by, a fifth of it is for Allah | centered pull quote|Know that whatever thing you may come by, a fifth of it is for Allah | ||
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|source=9:19 | |source=9:19 | ||
}} | }} | ||
Abd al-Muttalib set the [[blood money]] for killing a man | Abd al-Muttalib set the [[blood money]] for killing a man with one hundred camels, and God also applied this in Islam. The [[Quraysh]] did not know how many times they must circumambulate the Ka'ba (do tawaf), Abd al-Muttalib set this to seven, and God applied these seven circumambulations to Islam as well.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Khiṣāl'', vol. 1, p. 455.</ref> | ||
Al-Ya'qubi wrote: He established traditions that the Prophet (s) acted upon, and verses were revealed for it, and they were: | Al-Ya'qubi wrote: He established traditions that the Prophet (s) acted upon, and verses were revealed for it, and they were: | ||
Loyalty to pledges, a hundred camels for blood money, illegalized [[marriage]] with [[mahram|maharim]], refraining from entering a house from its roof, amputation of a thief's hand, disapproved of killing daughters, [[Mubahala]], the prohibition of wine, the prohibition of [[adultery]] and | Loyalty to pledges, a hundred camels for blood money, illegalized [[marriage]] with [[mahram|maharim]], refraining from entering a house from its roof, amputation of a thief's hand, disapproved of killing daughters, [[Mubahala]], the prohibition of wine, the prohibition of [[adultery]] and appointed punishment for it, lottery, prohibition of circumambulating the Ka'ba naked, respect for guests, supplying [[Hajj]] expenses with legitimate money, respect for [[Haram months]], avoid ostentation and hypocrisy.<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 10.</ref> | ||
==Demise== | ==Demise== | ||