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Khadija bt. Khuwaylid (a): Difference between revisions
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'''Khadīja bt. Khuwaylid (a)''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|خَدیجة بنت خُویلد}}) (b. ? - d. [[4 BH]]/[[619 CE|619]]), known as '''Khadīja al-Kubrā (a)''' and '''Umm al-Mu'minīn''' (the Mother of Believers), was the first wife of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] and the mother of [[Lady Fatima (a)]]. She married Prophet Muhammad (s) [[15 years before Bi'tha]] (595 CE) and was the first woman who converted to [[Islam]]. Khadija (a) dedicated her wealth to the expansion of Islam. Prophet Muhammad (s) did not choose another wife during his marital life with Khadija (a). The Prophet (s) always praised Khadija (a) during her life and after her demise. | '''Khadīja bt. Khuwaylid (a)''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|خَدیجة بنت خُویلد}}) (b. ? - d. [[4 BH]]/[[619 CE|619]]), known as '''Khadīja al-Kubrā (a)''' and '''Umm al-Mu'minīn''' (the Mother of Believers), was the first wife of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] and the mother of [[Lady Fatima (a)]]. She married Prophet Muhammad (s) [[15 years before Bi'tha]] (595 CE) and was the first woman who converted to [[Islam]]. Khadija (a) dedicated her wealth to the expansion of Islam. Prophet Muhammad (s) did not choose another wife during his marital life with Khadija (a). The Prophet (s) always praised Khadija (a) during her life and after her demise. | ||
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==Family and Lineage== | ==Family and Lineage== | ||
Her father was Khuwaylid b. Asad b. Abd al-Uzza b. Qusayy<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 6, p. 78.</ref> and her mother was Fatima bt. Za'ida.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 4, p. 17.</ref> Her birth is said to be fefteen years before [['Am al-Fil]]/(555 CE) in Mecca.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 13.</ref> | Her father was Khuwaylid b. Asad b. Abd al-Uzza b. Qusayy<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 6, p. 78.</ref> and her mother was Fatima bt. Za'ida.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 4, p. 17.</ref> Her birth is said to be fefteen years before [['Am al-Fil]]/(555 CE) in Mecca.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 13.</ref> | ||
==Before Islam== | ==Before Islam== | ||
The information on the personality of Khadija (a) before Islam is minimal. According to sources, she was a wealthy merchant who worked in a [[mudaraba]]<ref>Profit and Loss Sharing | The information on the personality of Khadija (a) before Islam is minimal. According to sources, she was a wealthy merchant who worked in a [[mudaraba]]<ref>Profit and Loss Sharing, also called PLS or participatory banking</ref>, she employed other people to work for her, and she gained some parts of its profit.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 293; Ibn Sayyid al-Nās, ''ʿUyūn al-athar'', vol. 1, p. 63.</ref> | ||
Khadija (a) had high social status with ancestral nobility. As Ibn Sayyid al-Nas said: "She was an honorable and wise lady, and God granted her with his blessing. She was middle class in lineage, but she was a very successful and noble lady."<ref>Ibn Sayyid al-Nās, ''ʿUyūn al-athar'', vol. 1, p. 63.</ref> Also, al-Baladhuri said: "Al-Waqidi stated that Khadija (a) had ancestral nobility, and she was a successful merchant."<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 98.</ref> | Khadija (a) had high social status with ancestral nobility. As Ibn Sayyid al-Nas said: "She was an honorable and wise lady, and God granted her with his blessing. She was middle class in lineage, but she was a very successful and noble lady."<ref>Ibn Sayyid al-Nās, ''ʿUyūn al-athar'', vol. 1, p. 63.</ref> Also, al-Baladhuri said: "Al-Waqidi stated that Khadija (a) had ancestral nobility, and she was a successful merchant."<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 98.</ref> | ||
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{{Wives of the Prophet (s)}} | {{Wives of the Prophet (s)}} | ||
===Before Marrying Prophet Muhammad (s)=== | ===Before Marrying Prophet Muhammad (s)=== | ||
The marriage(s) of Khadija (a) was a controversial matter among [[Shi'a]] and [[Sunni]] scholars. Sunni scholars believe she married two times before [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]], and they mentioned the names of her children. Al-Baladhuri in ''[[Ansab al-ashraf]]'' introduced Hind b. al-Nabash as Khadija's (a) husband before she married Muhammad (s).<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 406.</ref> Also, Ibn al-Habib, in his book, ''al-Munammiq'', introduced al-Nabash and named Khadija (a) as his wife, before she married | The marriage(s) of Khadija (a) was a controversial matter among [[Shi'a]] and [[Sunni]] scholars. Sunni scholars believe she married two times before [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]], and they mentioned the names of her children. Al-Baladhuri in ''[[Ansab al-ashraf]]'' introduced Hind b. al-Nabash as Khadija's (a) husband before she married Muhammad (s).<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 406.</ref> Also, Ibn al-Habib, in his book, ''al-Munammiq'', introduced al-Nabash and named Khadija (a) as his wife, before she married Prophet Muhammad (s).<ref>Ibn al-Ḥabīb, ''al-Munahhiq'', p. 247.</ref> Ibn al-Habib in his book ''al-Muhabbar'', written after ''al-Munammiq'', named 'Atiq b. 'Abid b. 'Abd Allah as her second husband before she married to Prophet Muhammad (s).<ref>Ibn Ḥabīb, ''al-Muḥabbar'', p. 452.</ref> | ||
On the other hand, after numerous analyses, Shi'a scholars believed Khadija (a) did not marry anyone before Prophet Muhammad (s). | On the other hand, after numerous analyses, Shi'a scholars believed Khadija (a) did not marry anyone before Prophet Muhammad (s). | ||
[[Ibn Shahrashub]] quoted from [[al-Sayyid al-Murtada]] in ''[[Al-Shafi fi l-imama|al-Shafi]]'' and [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] in ''[[Talkhis al-shafi]]'' that Khadija (a) was a virgin when she married Prophet Muhammad (s).<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 1, p. 159.</ref> Besides, considering the cultural and intellectual situation in [[Hijaz]] and high position and status of Khadija al-Kubra (a) among other people, it would be highly improbable that she marry men from Banu Tamim and Banu Makhzum (the two low tribes).<ref>ʿĀmilī, ''al-Ṣaḥīḥ min sīrat al-Nabī'', vol. 2, p. 123.</ref> | [[Ibn Shahrashub]] quoted from [[al-Sayyid al-Murtada]] in ''[[Al-Shafi fi l-imama|al-Shafi]]'' and [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] in ''[[Talkhis al-shafi]]'' that Khadija (a) was a virgin when she married Prophet Muhammad (s).<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 1, p. 159.</ref> Besides, considering the cultural and intellectual situation in [[Hijaz]] and the high position and status of Khadija al-Kubra (a) among other people, it would be highly improbable that she marry men from Banu Tamim and Banu Makhzum (the two low tribes).<ref>ʿĀmilī, ''al-Ṣaḥīḥ min sīrat al-Nabī'', vol. 2, p. 123.</ref> | ||
According to researchers, children attributed to Khadija (a) both were the children of Hala, Khadija's (a) sister. After the husband of Hala had passed away, she took responsibility for Hala and her children. After Hala passed away, Khadija (a) looked after her children.<ref>ʿĀmilī, ''al-Ṣaḥīḥ min sīrat al-Nabī'', vol. 2, p. 125.</ref> | According to researchers, the children attributed to Khadija (a) both were the children of Hala, Khadija's (a) sister. After the husband of Hala had passed away, she took responsibility for Hala and her children. After Hala passed away, Khadija (a) looked after her children.<ref>ʿĀmilī, ''al-Ṣaḥīḥ min sīrat al-Nabī'', vol. 2, p. 125.</ref> | ||
===Marriage with Prophet Muhammad (s)=== | ===Marriage with Prophet Muhammad (s)=== | ||
As [[Ibn Kathir]] quoted from [[Ibn Ishaq]], when Khadija (a) became familiar with honesty, trustworthiness and ethical characteristics of Muhammad (s), she entrusted him her wealth. Then after Muhammad (s) came from a commercial travel from [[Syria]], Maysara (Khadija's (a) slave) reported the characteristics of Muhammad (s) to Khadija (a). Afterward, she proposed marriage to Prophet Muhammad (s).<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 293.</ref> Also, Ibn Sayyid al-Nas said, " | As [[Ibn Kathir]] quoted from [[Ibn Ishaq]], when Khadija (a) became familiar with the honesty, trustworthiness, and ethical characteristics of Muhammad (s), she entrusted him with her wealth. Then after Muhammad (s) came from a commercial travel from [[Syria]], Maysara (Khadija's (a) slave) reported the characteristics of Muhammad (s) to Khadija (a). Afterward, she proposed marriage to Prophet Muhammad (s).<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 293.</ref> Also, Ibn Sayyid al-Nas said, "When Khadija (a) was informed about the ethical characteristics and honesty of Muhammad (s), she proposed marriage to him".<ref>Ibn Sayyid al-Nās, ''ʿUyūn al-athar'', vol. 1, p. 63.</ref> Ibn al-Athir also mentioned the same thing in ''Usd al-ghaba''.<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 1, p. 23.</ref> | ||
According to all sources, Khadija (a) was the first wife of Prophet Muhammad (s). Ibn Abd al-Barr considered Khadija (a) as the first wife of Prophet (s), and he said Prophet (s) did not have any other wife during their marital life.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 1, p. 25.</ref> He also said Prophet (s) was 25 when he married Khadija (a).<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 1, p. 35.</ref> As he quoted from [[al-Zahiri]], the Prophet (s) was 21 years old when he married Khadija (a).<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 1, p. 35.</ref> Ibn Kathir mentioned different ages for Prophet Muhammad (s) at the time of his marriage: 21, 22, 25, 28, 30 and 37.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 293.</ref> | According to all sources, Khadija (a) was the first wife of Prophet Muhammad (s). Ibn Abd al-Barr considered Khadija (a) as the first wife of Prophet (s), and he said Prophet (s) did not have any other wife during their marital life.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 1, p. 25.</ref> He also said Prophet (s) was 25 when he married Khadija (a).<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 1, p. 35.</ref> As he quoted from [[al-Zahiri]], the Prophet (s) was 21 years old when he married Khadija (a).<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 1, p. 35.</ref> Ibn Kathir mentioned different ages for Prophet Muhammad (s) at the time of his marriage: 21, 22, 25, 28, 30 and 37.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 293.</ref> | ||
===Age in Marriage to Prophet Muhammad (s)=== | ===Age in Marriage to Prophet Muhammad (s)=== | ||
Historians mentioned different ages for Khadija (a), when she married [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]], from 25 to 46. Most of sources stated that Khadija (a) was 40 years old when she married the Prophet (s).<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 98; vol. 9, p. 459; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 174; Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba fī maʿrifat al-Ṣaḥāba'', vol. 1, p. 23.</ref> However there are reports for the possibility of other ages.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 2, p. 287.</ref> Historical sources mentioned her age when she married the Prophet (s) to be 25,<ref>Bayhaqī, Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa, 1405 AH, vol. 2, p. 72; Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya, vol. 2, p. 294; Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 1, p. 98.</ref> 28,<ref>Ḥākim al-Nayshābūrī, ''Al-Mustadrak ʿala l-ṣaḥīḥayn'', 1411 AH, vol. 3, p. 200; *Dūlābī, ''Al-Dhurrīyya al-ṭāhira al-nabawīyya'', 1407 AH, p. 52.</ref> 30,<ref>ʿĀmilī, al-Ṣaḥīḥ min sīrat al-Nabī, vol. 2, p. 115, from ''Tahdhīb tārīkh Damishq'' vol.1, p. 303; ''Tārīkh al-khamīs'', vol. 1, p. 264.</ref> 35,<ref>Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya, 1407 AH, vol. 2, p. 295; Ibn Hishām, ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 265.</ref> 44, 45<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Mūkhtasar tārīkh Damishq'' 1404 AH, vol. 2, p. 274. </ref> or even 46<ref>Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, 1417 AH, vol. 1, p. 98.</ref>. | Historians mentioned different ages for Khadija (a), when she married [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]], from 25 to 46. Most of the sources stated that Khadija (a) was 40 years old when she married the Prophet (s).<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 98; vol. 9, p. 459; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 174; Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba fī maʿrifat al-Ṣaḥāba'', vol. 1, p. 23.</ref> However there are reports for the possibility of other ages.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 2, p. 287.</ref> Historical sources mentioned her age when she married the Prophet (s) to be 25,<ref>Bayhaqī, Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa, 1405 AH, vol. 2, p. 72; Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya, vol. 2, p. 294; Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 1, p. 98.</ref> 28,<ref>Ḥākim al-Nayshābūrī, ''Al-Mustadrak ʿala l-ṣaḥīḥayn'', 1411 AH, vol. 3, p. 200; *Dūlābī, ''Al-Dhurrīyya al-ṭāhira al-nabawīyya'', 1407 AH, p. 52.</ref> 30,<ref>ʿĀmilī, al-Ṣaḥīḥ min sīrat al-Nabī, vol. 2, p. 115, from ''Tahdhīb tārīkh Damishq'' vol.1, p. 303; ''Tārīkh al-khamīs'', vol. 1, p. 264.</ref> 35,<ref>Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya, 1407 AH, vol. 2, p. 295; Ibn Hishām, ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 265.</ref> 44, 45<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Mūkhtasar tārīkh Damishq'' 1404 AH, vol. 2, p. 274. </ref> or even 46<ref>Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, 1417 AH, vol. 1, p. 98.</ref>. | ||
Analyzing the exact age of Khadija (a) at the time of her marriage with Prophet Muhammad (s) is difficult. If we consider that their marriage lasted for 25 years, from 15 years before Bi'tha (595 CE)<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 295.</ref> to 10 years after Bi'tha ([[619 CE]]), and the age of Khadija (a) when she passed away was 65 or as [[al-Bayhaqi]] said 50; therefore, we can conclude that Khadija (a) was either 40 or 25 when she married Prophet Muhammad (s). | Analyzing the exact age of Khadija (a) at the time of her marriage with Prophet Muhammad (s) is difficult. If we consider that their marriage lasted for 25 years, from 15 years before Bi'tha (595 CE)<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 295.</ref> to 10 years after Bi'tha ([[619 CE]]), and the age of Khadija (a) when she passed away was 65 or as [[al-Bayhaqi]] said 50; therefore, we can conclude that Khadija (a) was either 40 or 25 when she married Prophet Muhammad (s). | ||
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== Children== | == Children== | ||
{{see also|Children of Prophet Muhammad (s)}} | {{see also|Children of Prophet Muhammad (s)}} | ||
According to sources, Prophet Muhammad (s) and Khadija (a) had seven or eight children, or as some other sources said, six children. As [[Ibn Kathir]] quoted from [[Ibn Ishaq]] and [[Ibn Hisham]], they had seven children; all the children of Prophet (s) are from Khadija (a) except for [[Ibrahim Son of the Prophet (s)|Ibrahim]].<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 174; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 294.</ref> He has quoted the names of six children.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 174; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 294.</ref> As Ibn al-Athir has quoted from al-Zubayr b. Bakkar, al-Tayyib and al-Tahir, Prophet's children, were named after Muhammad's (a) Prophethood.<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil'', vol. 2, p. 307.</ref> Also, other sources mentioned all the Prophet's children were from Khadija (a) except for Ibrahim.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 5, p. 306.</ref> [[Ibn al-Athir al-Jazari]] has quoted from al-Zubayr b. Bakkar, the names of eight children for Prophet Muhammad (s) and Khadija al-Kubra (a).<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 6, p. 81.</ref> | {{Family tree of the Prophet (s)}} | ||
According to sources, Prophet Muhammad (s) and Khadija (a) had seven or eight children, or as some other sources said, six children. As [[Ibn Kathir]] quoted from [[Ibn Ishaq]] and [[Ibn Hisham]], they had seven children; all the children of Prophet (s) are from Khadija (a) except for [[Ibrahim Son of the Prophet (s)|Ibrahim]].<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 174; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 294.</ref> He has quoted the names of six children.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 174; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 294.</ref> As Ibn al-Athir has quoted from al-Zubayr b. Bakkar, al-Tayyib, and al-Tahir, the Prophet's children, were named after Muhammad's (a) Prophethood.<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil'', vol. 2, p. 307.</ref> Also, other sources mentioned all the Prophet's children were from Khadija (a) except for Ibrahim.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 5, p. 306.</ref> [[Ibn al-Athir al-Jazari]] has quoted from al-Zubayr b. Bakkar, the names of eight children for Prophet Muhammad (s) and Khadija al-Kubra (a).<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 6, p. 81.</ref> | |||
It seems some historians have confused the names and titles of children, hence the difference in the count. Therefore, they had six children, including two sons, [[Al-Qasim Son of the Prophet (s)|al-Qasim]] and [['Abd Allah Son of the Prophet (s)|Abd Allah]] (al-Tayyib and al-Tahir as 'Abd Allah's titles) and four daughters, ([[Zaynab bt. Muhammad (s)|Zaynab]], [[Ruqayya bt. Muhammad|Ruqayya]], [[Umm Kulthum bt. Muhammad|Umm Kulthum]], and [[Lady Fatima (a)]].<ref>Ziriklī, ''al-Aʿlām'', vol. 2, p. 302.</ref> | It seems some historians have confused the names and titles of children, hence the difference in the count. Therefore, they had six children, including two sons, [[Al-Qasim Son of the Prophet (s)|al-Qasim]] and [['Abd Allah Son of the Prophet (s)|Abd Allah]] (al-Tayyib and al-Tahir as 'Abd Allah's titles) and four daughters, ([[Zaynab bt. Muhammad (s)|Zaynab]], [[Ruqayya bt. Muhammad|Ruqayya]], [[Umm Kulthum bt. Muhammad|Umm Kulthum]], and [[Lady Fatima (a)]].<ref>Ziriklī, ''al-Aʿlām'', vol. 2, p. 302.</ref> | ||
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==Role in Islam== | ==Role in Islam== | ||
{{Early Islam}} | {{Early Islam}} | ||
After the financial help from Khadija al-Kubra (a), [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] became financially privileged. As [[Allah]] mentioned the gift given to Prophet Muhammad (s): "Allah found you needy and made you prosperous."<ref>Qurʾān, 93: 8.</ref> Also, Prophet Muhammad (s) always said: "No money was profitable for me the way the wealth of Khadija (a) was."<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 19, p. 63.</ref> Prophet Muhammad (s) applied her wealth | After the financial help from Khadija al-Kubra (a), [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] became financially privileged. As [[Allah]] mentioned the gift given to Prophet Muhammad (s): "Allah found you needy and made you prosperous."<ref>Qurʾān, 93: 8.</ref> Also, Prophet Muhammad (s) always said: "No money was profitable for me the way the wealth of Khadija (a) was."<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 19, p. 63.</ref> Prophet Muhammad (s) applied her wealth to paying debtors' debts, and orphans, and the poor. | ||
When Meccan [[Boycott of Banu Hashim|boycotted Banu Hashim]], the wealth from Khadija al-Kubra (a) helped [[Banu Hashim]]. According to a narration: "Abu Talib and Khadija (a) dedicated all their wealth | When Meccan [[Boycott of Banu Hashim|boycotted Banu Hashim]], the wealth from Khadija al-Kubra (a) helped [[Banu Hashim]]. According to a narration: "Abu Talib and Khadija (a) dedicated all their wealth to protecting [[Islam]] and helping the boycotted Muslims."<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 19, p. 16.</ref> Hakim b. Hizam, Khadija's (a) cousin, brought dates, fruits, and wheat with difficulties and in a dangerous situation for Banu Hashim.<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīrat al-Nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 353-354.</ref> Such dedication and generosity by Khadija (a) was accepted by God and considered as gifts to Prophet Muhammad (s).<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 35, p. 425; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 3, p. 120.</ref> Prophet always mentioned her dedication and appreciated her generosity.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 4, p. 1817.</ref> | ||
==Status== | ==Status== | ||
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|source=Al-Shaykh al-Mufid, ''al-Ifsah'', p. 217}} | |source=Al-Shaykh al-Mufid, ''al-Ifsah'', p. 217}} | ||
Khadija (a) was a notable, reliable, and wealthy lady of her time.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 2, p. 281.</ref> [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] has narrated a [[hadith]] from Prophet Muhammad (s) which mentioned the best of women: Khadija (a), [[Lady Fatima (a)]], [[Maryam]], and [[Asiya]].<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 129.</ref> In addition, Prophet called her | Khadija (a) was a notable, reliable, and wealthy lady of her time.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 2, p. 281.</ref> [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] has narrated a [[hadith]] from Prophet Muhammad (s) which mentioned the best of women: Khadija (a), [[Lady Fatima (a)]], [[Maryam]], and [[Asiya]].<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 129.</ref> In addition, Prophet called her one of the perfect ladies of the world<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 129.</ref> and also one of the best women.<ref>Dhahabī, ''Tārīkh al-Islām'', vol. 1, p. 239.</ref> According to the sources, she was called al-Tahira (the pure woman), al-Zakiyya (the innocent woman), al-Marziyya (the respected woman), al-Sidiqqa (the truthful woman), the greatest woman of [[Quraysh]].<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 3, p. 15.</ref> Umm Hind, Umm al-Zahra, and [[Umm al-Mu'minun]] were her [[kunya]]s.<ref>Abū al-Ḥasan al-Bakrī, ''al-Anwār al-sāṭiʿa'', p. 7.</ref> | ||
According to sources, Khadija (a) was the best and the most honest companion and consultant of Prophet Muhammad (s).<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 1, p. 26; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 61.</ref> Khadija al-Kubra (a) had a high status in Prophet Muhammad's perspective. Numerous reports have been stated on Khadija's (a) special role in Prophet's life, so that years after her demise, Prophet (s) always remembered her as the special one in his life. | According to sources, Khadija (a) was the best and the most honest companion and consultant of Prophet Muhammad (s).<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 1, p. 26; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 61.</ref> Khadija al-Kubra (a) had a high status in Prophet Muhammad's perspective. Numerous reports have been stated on Khadija's (a) special role in the Prophet's life, so that years after her demise, the Prophet (s) always remembered her as the special one in his life. | ||
Khadija (a) was indeed a knowledgeable and honorable lady. As [[Ibn al-Jawzi]] said: Khadija (a) was known for her knowledge, fairness, progress, and her desire for spirituality and perfection. Since her young age, she was an honorable and virtuous woman among Arabs in [[Hijaz]].<ref>Ibn al-Jawzī, ''Tadhkirat al-khawāṣ'', vol. 2, p. 300.</ref> Her unlimited spiritual wealth was more significant than her impressive wealth. Although different notable and wealthy men of Quraysh asked Khadija (a) for marriage, she rejected them. She chose Muhammad (s) to guarantee her salvation in the [[Hereafter]] and rewards in [[Paradise]]. She was the first person who converted to Islam, who accepted his [[prophethood]] and performed prayer with Prophet (s). | Khadija (a) was indeed a knowledgeable and honorable lady. As [[Ibn al-Jawzi]] said: Khadija (a) was known for her knowledge, fairness, progress, and her desire for spirituality and perfection. Since her young age, she was an honorable and virtuous woman among Arabs in [[Hijaz]].<ref>Ibn al-Jawzī, ''Tadhkirat al-khawāṣ'', vol. 2, p. 300.</ref> Her unlimited spiritual wealth was more significant than her impressive wealth. Although different notable and wealthy men of Quraysh asked Khadija (a) for marriage, she rejected them. She chose Muhammad (s) to guarantee her salvation in the [[Hereafter]] and rewards in [[Paradise]]. She was the first person who converted to Islam, who accepted his [[prophethood]] and performed prayer with Prophet (s). | ||
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==Demise== | ==Demise== | ||
[[File:قبر خدیجه.jpg|thumbnail|240px|An old picture of [[al-Hajun Cemetery]], where Lady Khdaija (a) is buried, before its destruction by Wahhabis in the 1920s.]] | [[File:قبر خدیجه.jpg|thumbnail|240px|An old picture of [[al-Hajun Cemetery]], where Lady Khdaija (a) is buried, before its destruction by Wahhabis in the 1920s.]] | ||
According to most of sources Khadija al-Kubra (a) passed away in the tenth year after [[Bi'that]]; i.e. [[4 BH]]/[[619 CE|619]].<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 2, p. 282; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 4, p. 1817. Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 11, p. 493.</ref> They mentioned that she was 65 when she | According to most of sources, Khadija al-Kubra (a) passed away in the tenth year after [[Bi'that]]; i.e. [[4 BH]]/[[619 CE|619]].<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 2, p. 282; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 4, p. 1817. Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 11, p. 493.</ref> They mentioned that she was 65 when she passed away.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 11, p. 493.</ref> Ibn Abd al-Barr mentioned Khadija (a) passed away 64 years and 6 months after her birth.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 4, p. 1817.</ref> Yet al-Bayhaqi believed that she was 50.<ref>Bayhaqī, ''Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa'', 1405 AH, vol. 2, p. 72.</ref> | ||
Some sources mentioned Khadija (a) passed away after [[Abu Talib]] had passed away, in the same year.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 11, p. 493. Ibn sayyid al-nās, ''ʿUyūn al-athar'', vol. 1, p. 151.</ref> Ibn Sa'd believed Khadija (a) passed away 35 days after the demise of Abu Talib.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 96.</ref> Other sources mentioned Khadija (a) passed away in [[Ramadan]] | Some sources mentioned Khadija (a) passed away after [[Abu Talib]] had passed away, in the same year.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 11, p. 493. Ibn sayyid al-nās, ''ʿUyūn al-athar'', vol. 1, p. 151.</ref> Ibn Sa'd believed Khadija (a) passed away 35 days after the demise of Abu Talib.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 96.</ref> Other sources mentioned Khadija (a) passed away in [[Ramadan 10]] years after Bi'tha (May 619).<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 14.</ref> Due to the demise of the Prophet's uncle, [[Abu Talib]] (a), and his wife, [[Lady Khadija (a)]], this year was called Am al-Huzn (the year of sorrow and grief).<ref>Maqrizī, ''Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 45; Diyār Bakrī, ''Tārīkh al-khamīs'', vol. 1, p. 301.</ref> | ||
According to Islamic narrations, Prophet Muhammad (s) first enshrouded her with his cloak and then with another cloak from Paradise. Then he buried her in [[al-Ma'lat Cemetery]], on the slopes of Mount Al-Hajun.<ref>Abū al-Ḥasan al-Bakrī, ''al-Anwār al-sāṭiʿa'', p. 735.</ref> | According to Islamic narrations, Prophet Muhammad (s) first enshrouded her with his cloak and then with another cloak from Paradise. Then he buried her in [[al-Ma'lat Cemetery]], on the slopes of Mount Al-Hajun.<ref>Abū al-Ḥasan al-Bakrī, ''al-Anwār al-sāṭiʿa'', p. 735.</ref> | ||
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==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{ | {{notes}} | ||
== References== | == References== | ||