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According to some researchers, the period of a global, influential marja'iyya for the Shi'as began in the [[Seminary of Najaf]] with [[Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi]], known as "Sahib al-Jawahir" (d. 1266/ | According to some researchers, the period of a global, influential marja'iyya for the Shi'as began in the [[Seminary of Najaf]] with [[Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi]], known as "Sahib al-Jawahir" (d. 1266/1850).<ref>Ḥāʾirī, ''Tashayyuʿ wa mashrūṭīyyat dar Īrān'', p. 82.</ref> He did not require [[ijtihad]] (deducing edicts from the primary sources) for judges, and thus, he permitted that a judge adjudicates on the basis of the fatwas of a mujtahid (jurist).<ref>Jaʿfarīyān, ''Tashayyuʿ dar ʿIrāq, marjaʿīyya wa Īrān'', p. 59.</ref> Many of his students went back to Iran and served as propagators of his marja'iyya and fatwas. | ||
After Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi, the Shi'i marja'iyya was still based in Iraq and the [[Islamic Seminary of Najaf]]. The most influential authorities in this period include [[al-Shaykh Murtada al-Ansari]] (d. 1281/1864) and [[Muhammad Hasan al-Shirazi]] (d. 1312/1896) who issued the [[fatwa of the tobacco ban]].<ref>Ḥāʾirī, ''Tashayyuʿ wa mashrūṭīyyat dar Īrān'', p. 82-83.</ref> | After Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi, the Shi'i marja'iyya was still based in Iraq and the [[Islamic Seminary of Najaf]]. The most influential authorities in this period include [[al-Shaykh Murtada al-Ansari]] (d. 1281/1864) and [[Muhammad Hasan al-Shirazi]] (d. 1312/1896) who issued the [[fatwa of the tobacco ban]].<ref>Ḥāʾirī, ''Tashayyuʿ wa mashrūṭīyyat dar Īrān'', p. 82-83.</ref> | ||
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| [[Minor Occultation]] to the 13th century || Shi'a followed variety of scholars || Different areas | | [[Minor Occultation]] to the 13th century || Shi'a followed variety of scholars || Different areas | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1200/1785 | | 1200/1785 - 1266/1850 || [[al-Mirza al-Qummi]], [[Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi]] || Iraq | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1266/1850 - 1281/1864 | | 1266/1850 - 1281/1864 || [[Murtada al-Ansari]] || Iraq | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1281/1864 | | 1281/1864 - 1313/1895 || [[al-Mirza al-Shirazi]] || Iraq | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1313/1895 | | 1313/1895 - 1337/1918 || [[al-Akhund al-Khurasani]], [[al-Sayyid al-Yazdi]] || Iraq | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1337/1918 | | 1337/1918 - 1365/1946 || [['Abd al-Karim Ha'iri|Ha'iri]], [[Muhammad Husayn al-Na'ini|al-Na'ini]], [[al-Sayyid Abu l-Hasan al-Isfahani|al-Isafahani]] || Iraq, Iran | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1365/1946 - 1380/1960 | | 1365/1946 - 1380/1960 || [[Sayyid Husayn Burujirdi]] || Iran | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1380/1960 | | 1380/1960 - 1413/1992 || [[Al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Hakim|Al-Hakim]], [[al-Khoei]], [[Khomeini]], [[Sayyid Muhammad Rida Gulpaygani|Gulpaygani]], [[Muhammad 'Ali Araki|Araki]] || Iraq, Iran | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1413 | | 1413/1192 - now || [[Muhammad Taqi Bahjat|Bahjat]], [[Mirza Jawad Tabrizi|Tabrizi]], [[Muhammad Fadil Lankarani|Fadil]], [[Al-Sayyid 'Ali al-Husayni al-Sistani|al-Sistani]], [[Sayyid 'Ali Husayni Khamenei|Khamenei]], [[Nasir Makarim Shirazi|Makarim]] || Iraq, Iran | ||
|} | |} | ||