Mulla Muhsin Fayd Kashani: Difference between revisions

| Home town = Kashan

| Professors = [[Muhammad Taqi Majlisi]], [[Al-Shaykh al-Baha'i]], [[Mir Damad]], [[Mir Findiriski]], Mulla Sadra

'''Mullā Muḥammad b. Murtaḍā b. Maḥmūd al-Kāshānī''' (Arabic:{{iarabic|الملا محمد بن مرتضى بن محمود الكاشاني}}), known as '''Mullā Muḥsin''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|مُلّامُحسِن}}) and '''al-Fayḍ al-Kāshānī''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|فیض کاشانی}}), was a [[Shi'a]] [[philosopher]], scholar of [[hadith]], [[Quranic exegete]], and an [[Akhbari]] scholar of [[jurisprudence]] in the eleventh/seventeenth century. He studied with prominent scholars such as [[Mulla Sadra]], [[al-Shaykh al-Baha'i]], [[Mir Findiriski]], and [[Mir Damad]].

Fayd wrote about various issues; his most significant work includes ''[[Tafsir al-safi]]'', ''[[al-Wafi]]'', ''[[Mafatih al-shara'i']]'', ''[[al-Mahajjat al-bayda']]'', and ''[[al-Kalimat al-maknuna]]'', which respectively concern the Quranic exegesis, hadith, jurisprudence, ethics, and [[mysticism]].

Al-Fayd adopted a moderate Akhbari approach in jurisprudence, and thus he had different views from his predecessors. One of his important views in jurisprudence is the permissibility of singing ([[ghina']]) under certain conditions, the variability of the maturity age relative to different laws of shari'a, and the individual obligation (al-wujub al-'ayni) of [[Friday Prayer]].

The Fayd family was a well-known Shi'a family of scholars. His father was Radi al-Din Shah Murtada (950-1009 AH/ 1543-4 -1600-1) and his mother was Zahra Khatun (d. 1071/1660-1), the daughter of Diya' al-'Urafa al-Razi. Al-Fayd's grandfather, Taj al-Din Shah Mahmud, the son of Mulla 'Ali al-Kashani, is buried in Kashan.

Al-Fayd's name was Muhammad, but he was known as Muhsin or Muhammad Muhsin. He married Mulla Sadra's daughter. Mulla Sadra gave him the title, al-Fayd, and gave his other son in law, [['Abd al-Razzaq Lahiji|'Abd al-Razzaq al-Lahiji]], the title, al-Fayyad.

Al-Fayd was born in [[Safar 14]], [[1007]] AH, ([[September 16]], 1598) in Kashan. And he died there in [[1091]] AH, (1680). He was buried in the cemetery that he had endowed when he was alive. A conference was held in Kashan in the honor of al-Fayd al-Kashani in [[November]] 5-7, 2008.

His wife was Mulla Sadra's daughter. And their children are as follows:

Al-Fayd started his educations in Kashan, and when he was twenty years old, he went to Isfahan to continue his studies. After then, he studied with [[Sayyid Majid al-Bahrani]] in [[Shiraz]] for two years. Once again he went to Isfahan and attended the lectures of al-Shaykh al-Baha'i. In his [[hajj]] travel, he received a permission for narrating hadiths from Shaykh Muhammad, [[al-Shahid al-Thani]]'s grandson. And then he studied in [[Qom]] with Mulla Sadra, and accompanied him when he returned to Shiraz and stayed there for two years. Although [[Muhammad Baqir Khwansari|Khwansari]] and others believe that al-Fayd studied with Mulla Sadra in his first travel to Shiraz, this is not compatible with what al-Fayd himself wrote. Finally, al-Fayd returned to Kashan where he started teaching and writing. [[Faydiyya School]] is said to be called so because al-Fayd resided there for a while.

Many scholars, such as [[Afandi]], [[al-Hurr al-'Amili]], [[al-Muhaddith al-Nuri]], [[al-Shaykh 'Abbas al-Qummi]], [['Allama Amini]] and others have admired him with words such as philosopher, sage, theologian, [[muhaddith]] (scholar of hadith), [[jurist]], poet, man of literature, scholar, and knowledgeable.

''[https://www.ical.ir Fayd pazhuhi; majmu'i maqalati dar barrasi-yi ara' wa ahwal-i Fayd Kashani]'' (Fayd Kashani; a collection of papers on the life of Fayd Kashani in Persian).

* The material for this article has been mainly taken from {{ia|[[:fa:محمدمحسن فیض کاشانی|محمدمحسن فیض کاشانی]]}} in Farsi WikiShia.