Incident of the attack on the house of Lady Fatima (a): Difference between revisions

Abu Bakr’s need for allegiance of Imam Ali (a) to strengthen the position of his caliphate and Ali’s (a) refusal to give allegiance, has been considered as one of the causes of this incident. According to Muhammad Hadi Yusufi Gharawi, a researcher in Islamic history, this incident occurred about fifty days after the [[demise of the Prophet (s)]].

==Importance==

===The Significance of the House of Lady Fatima (a) and its Households===

[https://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%D9%87_%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%85%D9%87(%D8%B3)#cite_ref-5 Mourning Ceremony of the Fatimiyya in the Islamic Center of Hamburg (Persian)].</ref>  

===Location of the House of Lady Fatima (a)===

==Causes and Pretexts==

==Description of the Incident==

After swearing [[allegiance]] to him, [[Abu Bakr]] turned to some of the companions who had not pledged allegiance to him. According to the book ''[[al-Imama wa al-siyasa]]'' attributed to Ibn Qutayba, he sent [['Umar]] and [[Qunfudh]] to Fatima’s (a) house four times to call Ali (a) and those who were in the house for allegiance. According to this report, in the first time, the men who were in the house came out after threatening ‘Umar and pledged allegiance, except for [[Imam Ali (a)]] who said that he (a) had sworn not to leave the house until he (a) had completed collection of the [[Qur'an]]. Abu Bakr sent Qunfudh to Fatima’s (a) house for the second and third times, but he also received a negative answer. In the fourth time, ‘Umar went to Fatima’s (a) house with some people and took Ali (a) out of the house and took him to Abu Bakr.<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Imāma wa l-sīyāsa'', vol. 1, p. 30- 31.</ref> According to Muhammad Hadi Yusufi Gharawi, a researcher in the history of Islam and Shiism, Abu Bakr sent people to the house of Imam Ali (a) three times and asked for allegiance. In the first and second times, Imam (a) turned down their request, and in the third time, the caliph and his followers took action.<ref>Yūsufī Gharawī, ''Tārīkh-i hujūm bi khana-yi Ḥaḍrat-i Zahrā (a)''. p. 14.</ref>

In the book ''[[al-Ikhtisas]]'' attributed to [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]], it is mentioned that when Ali (a) was taken to the mosque, [[Zubayr]], who was among those present in the house of Fatima (a), drew his sword and said, “O sons of ‘Abd al-Muttalib! Are you alive and will Ali be treated like this?!” He attacked ‘Umar, but [[Khalid b. Walid]] threw a stone at him and the sword fell from his hand. ‘Umar picked up the sword and struck it at a stone and broke the sword.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Ikhtiṣāṣ'', p. 186.</ref> According to al-Tabari, a historian of the third/ninth century, Zubayr slipped his foot when he left Fatima’s (a) house and lost his sword.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 3, p. 202.</ref>

According to [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]], Imam Ali (a) did not pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr on the day of Saqifa, but there are various reports about whether he (a) pledged allegiance later or not, including that he (a) pledged allegiance after forty days or six months or after the [[martyrdom of Lady Fatima (a)]]. Shaykh al-Mufid himself believed that Ali (a) never pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Fuṣūl al-mukhtara'', p. 56- 57.</ref> According to a report, when Ali (a) was threatened that if he (a) did not pledge allegiance, he (a) would be beheaded, Abbas, the Prophet’s (s) uncle, took Ali’s (a) hand and rubbed on the hand of Abu Bakr in order to save Ali’s (a) life, and thus they let Ali (a) go;<ref>ʿAyyāshī, ''Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī'', vol. 2, p. 68.</ref> but according to the report of ''al-Imama wa al-siyasa'', Abu Bakr said that he would not force Ali (a) to swear allegiance as long as Fatima (a) was with him.<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Imāma wa l-sīyāsa'', vol. 1, p. 30- 31.</ref>

[['Umar b. Khattab]] went to Fatima’s (a) house by the order of Abu Bakr to take Ali (a) and his companions for allegiance. When he was confronted by refusal of the people of the house, he ordered firewood to be collected and threatened to set the house on fire with the people in it. ‘Umar’s threat of setting fire to the house has been reported in some Sunni sources such as ''al-‘Aqd al-farid'',<ref>Ibn ʿAbd Rabbih, ''al-ʿIqd al-farīd'', vol. 5, p. 13.</ref> ''[[Tarikh al-Tabari]]'',<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 3, p. 202.</ref> ''Ansab al-ashraf'',<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 586.</ref> ''al-Musannif'',<ref>Ibn Abī Shayba, ''al-Muṣannaf'', vol. 13, p. 469.</ref> and ''al-Imama wa al-siyasa''.<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Imāma wa l-sīyāsa'', vol. 1, p. 30.</ref> According to Ibn ‘Abd Rabbih, a writer and historian of the third/ninth and fourth/tenth centuries, Abu Bakr told ‘Umar that if the people of the house refused to come out, fight them. ‘Umar, holding a fire torch, threatened to burn the house if the people of the house would not pledge allegiance.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd Rabbih, ''al-ʿIqd al-farīd'', vol. 5, p. 13.</ref> According to ''al-Imama wa al-siyasa'', when ‘Umar made such a threat, he was told that Fatima (a) was in this house. ‘Umar replied: “Even though she (a) is at home.”<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Imāma wa l-sīyāsa'', vol. 1, p. 30- 31.</ref>

===Setting the door on fire, Injuring Fatima (a) and Abortion of Muhsin (a)===

===Time of the Incident===

==Consequences==

Some of the consequences of the attack on Lady Fatima’s (a) house were:

===Fatima’s (a) dissatisfaction with Abu Bakr and ‘Umar===

===Abortion of Muhsin (a) and Martyrdom of Fatima (a)===

According to a narration from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], the cause of Fatima’s (a) martyrdom was injuries she (a) received during the attack on the house.<ref>Allāh Akbarī, ''Muḥsin b. ʿAlī (a)'', p. 69.</ref>

{{references}}

*[https://www.irna.ir/photo/2652032/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B4%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%DA%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%DA% ایام شھادت حضرت فاطمه الزھرا سلام اللہ علیھا در پاکستان‎] ( The days of martyrdom of Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a) in Pakistan (Persian)). Accessed: 2023/11/29.

*[https://www.mehrnews.com/photo/3922514/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C-%D9%8 مراسم سوگواری ایام فاطمیه در مرکز اسلامی هامبورگ] (Mourning Ceremony of the Fatimiyya in the Islamic Center of Hamburg (Persian)). Accessed: 2023/11/29.

*[http://tajik.irib.ir/persian/news/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86/item/18271-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%85% مراسم سوگواری شهادت حضرت فاطمه(س) در جمهوری آذربایجان و تاجیکستان] (The mourning ceremony of the martyrdom of Lady Fatima (a) in the Republic of Azerbaijan and Tajikistan (Tajik: not accessed)).

{{Lady Fatima (a)}}

{{Important Events of Early Islamic History}}

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