Copulation: Difference between revisions

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-'''Copulation''' (Arabic: {{ia|الجِماع}}) is sexual intercourse between a human being and another human being or an animal. In Islamic jurisprudence, the words "jima'", "muwaqa'a", "waty" and "dukhul" are used to refer to copulation. The jurisprudential rulings of copulation are incumbent when penetration of the penis has occurred – at least to the size of circumcision. The jurists categorize copulation into three types: lawful, such as through marriage; forbidden, such as in adultery; and suspicious (by mistake), and propose different rulings for each. According to their "fatwa", copulation, on the front or in the back, causes "janaba", and to be cleansed from it, the person must perform ghusl of janaba. The prohibition of copulation between two men (''lawat''), two women (musahaqa), a human and an animal, as well as the reprehensibility of copulation with one’s wife from behind, are among the rulings regarding copulation.
+'''Copulation''' (Arabic: {{ia|الجِماع}}) is sexual intercourse between a human being and another human being or an animal. In Islamic jurisprudence, the words "jima'", "muwaqa'a", "waty" and "dukhul" are used to refer to copulation. The jurisprudential rulings of copulation are incumbent when penetration of the penis has occurred – at least to the size of circumcision. The jurists categorize copulation into three types: lawful, such as through marriage; forbidden, such as in adultery; and suspicious (by mistake), and propose different rulings for each. According to their "fatwa", copulation, on the front or in the back, causes "janaba", and to be cleansed from it, the person must perform ghusl of janaba. The prohibition of copulation between two men (lawat), two women (musahaqa), a human and an animal, as well as the reprehensibility of copulation with one’s wife from behind, are among the rulings regarding copulation.
-==Definition and jurisprudential significance'==
+==Definition and jurisprudential significance==
-In fiqh, copulation is referred to by titles such as "jima", "muwaqa'a", ''waty'', and ''dukhul,'' which refer to the sexual intercourse of a human being with another human being or with an animal. The rulings of copulation are discussed in many parts of ''fiqh'', such as purity, fasting, ''i’tikaf'', ''hajj'', marriage, divorce, ''zihar'', ''ila’'' and ''hudud''. Of course, these rulings are specific to the copulation in which penetration of the penis has occurred – at least to the size of circumcision.
+In fiqh, copulation is referred to by titles such as "jima", "muwaqa'a", "waty", and "dukhul", which refer to the sexual intercourse of a human being with another human being or with an animal. The rulings of copulation are discussed in many parts of "fiqh", such as purity, fasting, i'tikaf, hajj, marriage, divorce, zihar, ila' and ''hudud''. Of course, these rulings are specific to the copulation in which penetration of the penis has occurred – at least to the size of circumcision.
-'''Types of copulation'''
+==Types of copulation==
 According to fiqh, copulation is categorized into three types: lawful, suspicious, and forbidden, which have different rulings.
-'''Lawful copulation'''
+==Lawful copulation==
 Copulation that takes place after the provision of its Islamic requirements is lawful. Religious requirements of lawful copulation are one of the following: permanent marriage, term-based marriage, ownership (owning a slave girl), or legalization (making sexual enjoyment of one’s slave girl lawful for another).
-'''Suspicious copulation'''
+==Suspicious copulation==
+The copulation between a man and a woman, under the assumption that the religious requirements for copulation have been fulfilled, is called "suspicious copulation" or, in fiqh terminology, "waty by suspicion" (sexual intercourse by mistake), like when a man mistakenly copulates with a woman he thinks is his wife.
-The copulation between a man and a woman, under the assumption that the religious requirements for copulation have been fulfilled, is called “suspicious copulation” or, in fiqh terminology, “''waty'' by suspicion” (sexual intercourse by mistake), like when a man mistakenly copulates with a woman he thinks is his wife.
-According to the fatwa of the jurists, there is no ''hadd'' [“prescribed punishment”] for suspicious copulation. Also, in it, the woman must wait the ''‘idda'' period, and she is entitled to receive the dowry. Of course, according to the author of Jawahir, if the mistake is only on the part of the man, that is, if the woman knows that she is not ''mahram'' with him, then she is not entitled to receive ''mahr al-mithl'' [“normal dowry”].
-'''Forbidden copulation'''
-Copulation that takes place without the realization of religious requirements and is done knowingly and voluntarily is called forbidden copulation. Some examples of forbidden copulation are adultery, ''lawat'', ''musahaqa'', copulation with an animal, and copulation during periods such as menstruation, ''nifas'', fasting, and ''ihram''.
+According to the fatwa of the jurists, there is no hadd (prescribed punishment) for suspicious copulation. Also, in it, the woman must wait the 'idda period, and she is entitled to receive the dowry. Of course, according to the author of Jawahir, if the mistake is only on the part of the man, that is, if the woman knows that she is not ''mahram" with him, then she is not entitled to receive "mahr al-mithl'' (normal dowry).
-'''''Janaba'' upon copulation'''
+==Forbidden copulation==
+Copulation that takes place without the realization of religious requirements and is done knowingly and voluntarily is called forbidden copulation. Some examples of forbidden copulation are adultery, lawat, musahaqa, copulation with an animal, and copulation during periods such as menstruation, nifas, fasting, and ihram.
-According to the fatwa of the jurists, copulation, whether on the front or in the back, causes ''janaba''. Copulation between two men and with animals also causes ''janaba''. Copulation and becoming ''junub'' has rulings; among them, it is forbidden to touch the words of the Qur’an, the name of God, and the names of Imams (a), staying in a mosque and reading the surahs of the Qur’an that require obligatory prostration. A person who has had copulation, if he has penetrated at least to the size of circumcision, must perform ''ghusl'' of ''janaba'' for performing daily prayers and fasting.
+==Janaba'' upon copulation==
+According to the fatwa of the jurists, copulation, whether on the front or in the back, causes janaba. Copulation between two men and with animals also causes "janaba". Copulation and becoming "junub" has rulings; among them, it is forbidden to touch the words of the Qur'an, the name of God, and the names of Imams (a), staying in a mosque and reading the surahs of the Qur’an that require obligatory prostration. A person who has had copulation, if he has penetrated at least to the size of circumcision, must perform ghusl of janaba for performing daily prayers and fasting.
-'''Some rulings of copulation'''
+==Some rulings of copulation==
+According to the fatwa of maraji', the rulings of copulation are incumbent when the penetration is at least to the size of circumcision. Some of the rulings of copulation quoted from the books of "fiqh" are as follows:
-According to the fatwa of ''maraji’'', the rulings of copulation are incumbent when the penetration is at least to the size of circumcision. Some of the rulings of copulation quoted from the books of ''fiqh'' are as follows:
+*It is forbidden to abstain from copulation for more than four months in a permanent marriage.
-- It is forbidden to abstain from copulation for more than four months in a permanent marriage.
+*Copulation with an animal is forbidden and demands "ta'zir" punishment.
-- Copulation with an animal is forbidden and demands ''ta’zir'' punishment.
+*Copulation with a woman who has not reached the age of puberty is forbidden.
-- Copulation with a woman who has not reached the age of puberty is forbidden.
+*Copulation between two men, which is called ''lawat'', and copulation between two women, which is called "suhq" ([[musahaqa]]), are forbidden and demand prescribed punishments.
-- Copulation between two men, which is called ''lawat'', and copulation between two women, which is called ''suhq'' (''musahaqa''), are forbidden and demand prescribed punishments.
+*If a man copulates with another man, it becomes forbidden to marry that man’s mother, sister, or daughter.
-- If a man copulates with another man, it becomes forbidden to marry that man’s mother, sister, or daughter.
+*It is permissible to copulate with the wife from behind, but it is strongly disliked.
-- It is permissible to copulate with the wife from behind, but it is strongly disliked.
+*Copulation at the beginning, middle, and end of every (lunar) month is disliked, except for the eve of the first day of Ramadan.
-- Copulation at the beginning, middle, and end of every (lunar) month is disliked, except for the eve of the first day of Ramadan.
+*Copulation is recommended on the eves of Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays and at noon on Thursdays.
-Copulation is recommended on the eves of Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays and at noon on Thursdays.
+*Copulation at the night and on the day when the moon or the sun is eclipsed, as well as when the sun is setting, when it is rising until sunrise, and after "ihtilam" in sleep is disliked.
-- Copulation at the night and on the day when the moon or the sun is eclipsed, as well as when the sun is setting, when it is rising until sunrise, and after ''ihtilam'' in sleep is disliked.
+*Copulation is disliked for a traveler who has arrived at night.
-- Copulation is disliked for a traveler who has arrived at night.
+*Copulation facing and backing the Qibla, and with a full stomach is disliked.
-- Copulation facing and backing the Qibla, and with a full stomach is disliked.
+*Copulation with one’s wife causes eternal prohibition of the marriage of the husband (stepfather) with the daughters (rabiba) and granddaughters of that woman from her former and future husbands.
-- Copulation with one’s wife causes eternal prohibition of the marriage of the husband (stepfather) with the daughters (''rabiba'') and granddaughters of that woman from her former and future husbands.
 =See Also==
 * [[Masturbation]]