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2006 Lebanon War: Difference between revisions
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|Result = Ceasefire and acceptance of Security Council Resolution 1701 | |Result = Ceasefire and acceptance of Security Council Resolution 1701 | ||
|Combatant1 = [[Hezbollah (Lebanon)]] • [[Amal Movement]] | |Combatant1 = [[Hezbollah (Lebanon)]] • [[Amal Movement]] | ||
|Combatant2 = | |Combatant2 =Israeli regime | ||
|Commander1 = [[Sayyid Hasan Nasrallah]] • [[Imad Mughniyeh]] • Khalid Ahmad Bazzi | |Commander1 = [[Sayyid Hasan Nasrallah]] • [[Imad Mughniyeh]] • Khalid Ahmad Bazzi | ||
|Commander2 = Ehud Olmert • Amir Peretz • Dan Halutz | |Commander2 = Ehud Olmert • Amir Peretz • Dan Halutz | ||
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|Note = | |Note = | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''2006 Lebanon War'''(Arabic:{{ia|حرب تموز}}) also called the '''2006 Israel–Hezbollah War''' and known in Lebanon as the '''July War''' and the '''33-Day War''' was a conflict between Israeli regime and Hezbollah that unfolded in 2006. The tensions leading up to the war began in 2004 when | The '''2006 Lebanon War''' (Arabic:{{ia|حرب تموز}}) also called the '''2006 Israel–Hezbollah War''' and known in Lebanon as the '''July War''' and the '''33-Day War''' was a conflict between Israeli regime and [[Hezbollah]] that unfolded in 2006. The tensions leading up to the war began in 2004 when Israeli regime failed to release three Lebanese prisoners, breaking a previous agreement with Hezbollah. In July 2006, Hezbollah captured two Israeli soldiers during Operation "the True Promise" as a means to negotiate their release. | ||
In response, Israel declared war on [[Lebanon]]. War experts believe that Israel had already planned to launch an offensive, and Hezbollah’s actions accelerated this timeline. Israel's official demands included the disarmament of Hezbollah and the return of its soldiers, but these goals were not achieved by the war's end. | In response, Israel declared war on [[Lebanon]]. War experts believe that Israel had already planned to launch an offensive, and Hezbollah’s actions accelerated this timeline. Israel's official demands included the disarmament of Hezbollah and the return of its soldiers, but these goals were not achieved by the war's end. | ||
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In 2004, Hezbollah and Israel committed to a prisoner exchange following indirect negotiations. In this exchange, 436 [[Muslim]] prisoners from various countries were released along with the remains of 59 Hezbollahs' forces in return for one living prisoner and the remains of three Israelis. | In 2004, Hezbollah and Israel committed to a prisoner exchange following indirect negotiations. In this exchange, 436 [[Muslim]] prisoners from various countries were released along with the remains of 59 Hezbollahs' forces in return for one living prisoner and the remains of three Israelis. | ||
Contrary to the agreement, Israel did not release three of the | Contrary to the agreement, Israel did not release three of the prisoners, including [[Samir Qantar]]. On the day of the prisoners' release, [[Sayyid Hasan Nasrallah]] announced that the way to free those three individuals was to capture more prisoners from Israel. | ||
==Al-Wa'd al-Sadiq Operation== | ==Al-Wa'd al-Sadiq Operation== | ||
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Sayyid Hasan Nasrallah stated that the release of the captives could only be achieved through indirect negotiations and a prisoner exchange. In response to this operation, Israel declared war on Lebanon and Hezbollah. | Sayyid Hasan Nasrallah stated that the release of the captives could only be achieved through indirect negotiations and a prisoner exchange. In response to this operation, Israel declared war on Lebanon and Hezbollah. | ||
Subsequently, | Subsequently, American and Israeli sources revealed that Israel had planned a surprise attack to occupy the Litani River, set for October—just two months after the "al-Wa'd al-Sadiq Operation". However, this operation accelerated their timeline. | ||
==Outbreak of War== | ==Outbreak of War== | ||
[[File:مناطق بمباران شده لبنان در جنگ ۳۳ روزه ۲۰۰۶م.jpg|thumbnail|326x326px|The bombed areas of Lebanon in the 33-day war of 2006]] | [[File:مناطق بمباران شده لبنان در جنگ ۳۳ روزه ۲۰۰۶م.jpg|thumbnail|326x326px|The bombed areas of Lebanon in the 33-day war of 2006]] | ||
On July 12, 2006, | On July 12, 2006, Israel declared war on Lebanon and Hezbollah. | ||
Israel entered the conflict with over 40,000 troops, boasting a significant advantage in air, naval, and armored capabilities, with its military often cited as the sixth largest in the world. | Israel entered the conflict with over 40,000 troops, boasting a significant advantage in air, naval, and armored capabilities, with its military often cited as the sixth largest in the world. | ||
In response to Israel’s advanced weaponry, Hezbollah utilized | In response to Israel’s advanced weaponry, Hezbollah utilized guerrilla warfare tactics. The group had constructed an extensive network of tunnels in southern Lebanon, which they effectively used for command operations and munitions storage throughout the conflict. | ||
Many | Many Arab nations took a negative stance toward Hezbollah during the war. The Israeli ambassador to the United Nations claimed that several foreign ministers and ambassadors from Arab countries expressed a desire for Israel to eliminate Hezbollah. | ||
In Lebanon, high-ranking officials were divided in their responses. While Prime Minister Fouad Siniora condemned Israel's attacks, he also called for Hezbollah's disarmament. In contrast, other officials, such as President Emile Lahoud and Foreign Minister Fawzi Salloukh, expressed their support for Hezbollah. [[Iran]], [[Syria]], [[Hamas]], and the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] (Ikhwan al-Muslimin) also backed the group. On the tenth day of the conflict, [[Ayatollah Khamenei]] sent a verbal message through [[Qasem Soleimani]] to | In Lebanon, high-ranking officials were divided in their responses. While Prime Minister Fouad Siniora condemned Israel's attacks, he also called for Hezbollah's disarmament. In contrast, other officials, such as President Emile Lahoud and Foreign Minister Fawzi Salloukh, expressed their support for Hezbollah. [[Iran]], [[Syria]], [[Hamas]], and the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] (Ikhwan al-Muslimin) also backed the group. On the tenth day of the conflict, [[Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Khamenei]] sent a verbal message through [[Qasem Soleimani]] to Sayyid Hasan Nasrallah, promising victory and encouraging fighters to recite the [[Supplication of Jawshan al-Saghir]]. Following the war, he wrote an official message to Nasrallah. | ||
Qasem Soleimani, commander of the [[Quds Force]], traveled to Lebanon on the first day of the war. After a week, he returned to Iran to report back before going back to Lebanon, where he remained for the duration of the conflict. | |||
This war is known as the "33-Day War," the "July War," and the "Sixth War" by Arab nations, while the Israeli regime refers to it as the "Second War." | This war is known as the "33-Day War," the "July War," and the "Sixth War" by Arab nations, while the Israeli regime refers to it as the "Second War." | ||
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===Objectives of the War=== | ===Objectives of the War=== | ||
At the beginning of the war, Israeli officials laid out their goals in official statements: | At the beginning of the war, Israeli officials laid out their goals in official statements: | ||
* '''Disarmament and Destruction of Hezbollah:''' Israel aimed to disarm and eliminate Hezbollah. As the conflict dragged on without achieving this objective, Israel shifted its focus to occupying parts of Lebanon up to the Litani River. However, this too proved unsuccessful, and Israel ultimately accepted UN Security Council Resolution 1701, which mandated the deployment of the Lebanese army and UN forces along the border and up to the Litani River. | |||
* '''Release of Captured Soldiers:''' Israeli regime also demanded the return of its two captured soldiers. | |||
* '''Creation of a New Middle East:''' Condoleezza Rice, then U.S. Secretary of State, described the 33-day war as the beginning of a New Middle East. experts suggest that both Israel and the U.S. sought to shape a region that would be compliant and effectively serve as a U.S. sphere of influence. | |||
Sayyid Hasan Nasrallah argued that if Lebanon had fallen during the 2006 conflict, the U.S.-Israeli agenda would have extended the war into Syria and targeted [[Palestine|Palestinian]] resistance, ultimately encircling Iran. | |||
By the end of the war, Israel had retreated from all its initial objectives and achieved none of its stated goals. experts generally view Hezbollah as having emerged victorious in fulfilling its aims. | By the end of the war, Israel had retreated from all its initial objectives and achieved none of its stated goals. experts generally view Hezbollah as having emerged victorious in fulfilling its aims. | ||
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{{Quote box | {{Quote box | ||
|class = <!-- Advanced users only. See the "Custom classes" section below. --> | |class = <!-- Advanced users only. See the "Custom classes" section below. --> | ||
|title = [[Al-Sayyid Hasan Nasrallah|Seyyid Hasan Nasrallah]] in the victory celebration: | |title = '''[[Al-Sayyid Hasan Nasrallah|Seyyid Hasan Nasrallah]] in the victory celebration:''' | ||
|quote = "How can the human mind imagine how many thousands of resistant sons from Lebanon will stand for 33 days against the most powerful air force in the Middle East... in front of 40,000 officers and soldiers, and the most powerful tank in the world and the most powerful army in the region? How can these fighters defeat such an army except with God's help, God's cooperation and God's approval". | |quote = "How can the human mind imagine how many thousands of resistant sons from Lebanon will stand for 33 days against the most powerful air force in the Middle East... in front of 40,000 officers and soldiers, and the most powerful tank in the world and the most powerful army in the region? How can these fighters defeat such an army except with God's help, God's cooperation and God's approval". | ||
|source = | |source = | ||
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===Casualties and Damage in Lebanon=== | ===Casualties and Damage in Lebanon=== | ||
During the war, Israel dropped approximately 4.8 million cluster bombs. On average, there were 270 air sorties each day, resulting in widespread destruction. Experts have identified two main objectives behind these attacks: | During the war, Israel dropped approximately 4.8 million cluster bombs.<ref> | ||
Bombs that are released after the explosion of a larger bomb and each one has the ability to explode and destroy a large area.</ref> On average, there were 270 air sorties each day, resulting in widespread destruction. Experts have identified two main objectives behind these attacks: | |||
*Conducting airstrikes across various areas to eliminate Hezbollah's capabilities and facilitate the entry of Israeli ground forces into Lebanon. | * Conducting airstrikes across various areas to eliminate Hezbollah's capabilities and facilitate the entry of Israeli ground forces into Lebanon. | ||
*Applying pressure on the | * Applying pressure on the Lebanese government and people to turn public opinion against Hezbollah, compelling the group to comply with Israel's demands. | ||
The airstrikes particularly targeted Shiite-populated areas. As a result, 15,000 homes were completely destroyed. Thirty-one critical infrastructures, including airports, commercial and fishing ports, hydraulic stations, an oil refinery, and a power plant, were entirely wiped out. Additionally, 80 bridges and around 90 businesses sustained severe damage. Two hospitals were completely destroyed, while three others were significantly impacted. | The airstrikes particularly targeted Shiite-populated areas. As a result, 15,000 homes were completely destroyed. Thirty-one critical infrastructures, including airports, commercial and fishing ports, hydraulic stations, an oil refinery, and a power plant, were entirely wiped out. Additionally, 80 bridges and around 90 businesses sustained severe damage. Two hospitals were completely destroyed, while three others were significantly impacted. | ||
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Some military experts argue that this war, unlike previous conflicts, not only engaged the Israeli military but also deeply affected the Israeli public. Hezbollah's attacks on Israeli territory underscored the harsh reality that war could directly impact civilians, delivering a significant blow to national morale and shifting public perceptions of security in Israel. | Some military experts argue that this war, unlike previous conflicts, not only engaged the Israeli military but also deeply affected the Israeli public. Hezbollah's attacks on Israeli territory underscored the harsh reality that war could directly impact civilians, delivering a significant blow to national morale and shifting public perceptions of security in Israel. | ||
{{Quote box | {{Quote box | ||
|class = <!-- Advanced users only. See the "Custom classes" section below. --> | |class = <!-- Advanced users only. See the "Custom classes" section below. --> | ||
|title = | |title = Seyyid Hasan Nasrallah | ||
|quote = "They did not stop this war neither for Lebanon, nor for Lebanese children or women, nor for beautiful Lebanon itself, but they only ended this war for Israel." | |quote = "They did not stop this war neither for Lebanon, nor for Lebanese children or women, nor for beautiful Lebanon itself, but they only ended this war for Israel." | ||
|source = | |source = | ||
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|sstyle = | |sstyle = | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Ceasefire== | |||
In the final days of the 33-day war, Israel aimed to secure a new resolution to bring the conflict to a close. Throughout the war, Israel dropped approximately 4.8 million cluster bombs, with 1.1 million of those used in just the last 72 hours. | In the final days of the 33-day war, Israel aimed to secure a new resolution to bring the conflict to a close. Throughout the war, Israel dropped approximately 4.8 million cluster bombs, with 1.1 million of those used in just the last 72 hours. | ||
Ultimately, UN Security Council Resolution 1701 was unanimously adopted on August 12, 2006, to end the hostilities. The draft resolution was prepared by the | Ultimately, UN Security Council Resolution 1701 was unanimously adopted on August 12, 2006, to end the hostilities. The draft resolution was prepared by the United States and France, and military experts have noted that its content and tone were favorable to Israel. The resolution called for the establishment of a zone from the Israeli border to the Litani River, where both the Lebanese army and UN forces would be deployed. | ||
The war lasted 33 days, and after both sides accepted the resolution, it was agreed that a ceasefire would take effect at 8 a.m. on August 14, 2006, marking the 34th day of the conflict. | The war lasted 33 days, and after both sides accepted the resolution, it was agreed that a ceasefire would take effect at 8 a.m. on August 14, 2006, marking the 34th day of the conflict. | ||
==Comparison with the Six-Day War== | ==Comparison with the Six-Day War== | ||
In 1967, the Israeli army successfully occupied the | In 1967, the Israeli army successfully occupied the West Bank, Gaza Strip, the Golan Heights in [[Syria]], and the Sinai Peninsula in [[Egypt]] within just six days, defeating the armed forces of several Arab countries. While the Arab armies faced defeat during that brief conflict, Hezbollah emerged victorious after 33 days of fighting. | ||
Researchers argue that Hezbollah's victory helped to counterbalance the earlier defeats of Egypt, | Researchers argue that Hezbollah's victory helped to counterbalance the earlier defeats of Egypt, Syria, and Jordan in 1967, which had shifted the political landscape in the region. This comparison between the two wars resonated deeply among ordinary people. In cities like [[Cairo]] and Amman, many citizens not only followed the developments of the 33-day war but also paid close attention to how long Hezbollah was able to resist against Israel. | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
*A group of authors. ''Al-naṣr al-mukhaḍḍab(Yawmīyyāt al-ḥarb al-Isrāʾīlīya ʿalā lubnān 2006)''. Beirut: Al-safīr, Al-markaz al-ʿarabī li al-maʿlūmāt, 2006 CE. | * A group of authors. ''Al-naṣr al-mukhaḍḍab(Yawmīyyāt al-ḥarb al-Isrāʾīlīya ʿalā lubnān 2006)''. Beirut: Al-safīr, Al-markaz al-ʿarabī li al-maʿlūmāt, 2006 CE. | ||
*Salīm, Ilyās. ''Yawmīyyāt al-Waʿd al-Ṣādiq''. Beirut: [n.p], 2006 CE. | * Salīm, Ilyās. ''Yawmīyyāt al-Waʿd al-Ṣādiq''. Beirut: [n.p], 2006 CE. | ||
*[https://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%DB%B3%DB%B3_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87 اطلاعات منتشر نشده ازعملیات منحصربه فرد حزبالله] (Unpublished information of Hezbollah's unique operation (Persian)) Accessed: 2024/10/01. | * [https://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%DB%B3%DB%B3_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87 اطلاعات منتشر نشده ازعملیات منحصربه فرد حزبالله] (Unpublished information of Hezbollah's unique operation (Persian)) Accessed: 2024/10/01. | ||
*[https://farsnews.ir/Culture/1374904980000480278/%D8%A8%DA%86%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%87%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7% بچه مرفهی که امنیت اسرائیل را به خطر انداخت] (The wealthy kid who endangered Israel's security (Persian)). Accessed: 2024/10/01. | * [https://farsnews.ir/Culture/1374904980000480278/%D8%A8%DA%86%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%87%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7% بچه مرفهی که امنیت اسرائیل را به خطر انداخت] (The wealthy kid who endangered Israel's security (Persian)). Accessed: 2024/10/01. | ||
*[https://www.isna.ir/news/8008-00850/%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A8-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%8A-%DA%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA بمب خوشهاي چيست؟] (What is a cluster bomb? (Persian)). Accessed: 2024/10/01. | * [https://www.isna.ir/news/8008-00850/%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A8-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%8A-%DA%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA بمب خوشهاي چيست؟] (What is a cluster bomb? (Persian)). Accessed: 2024/10/01. | ||
*[https://khabarfarsi.com/u/57779521 | * [https://khabarfarsi.com/u/57779521 ناگفته های عملیات وعده صادق حزب الله] (The special case of the 33-day war; The untold story of Hezbollah's Wa'da-yi Sadiq operation (Persian)) Accessed: 2024/10/01. | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
{{Lebanon}} | {{Lebanon}} | ||