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The copulation between a man and a woman, under the assumption that the religious requirements for copulation have been fulfilled, is called "suspicious copulation" or, in fiqh terminology, "waty by suspicion" (sexual intercourse by mistake), like when a man mistakenly copulates with a woman he thinks is his wife.<ref>Shāhrūdī, ''Farhang-i fiqh muṭābiq bā madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt'', vol. 1, p. 161.</ref> | The copulation between a man and a woman, under the assumption that the religious requirements for copulation have been fulfilled, is called "suspicious copulation" or, in fiqh terminology, "waty by suspicion" (sexual intercourse by mistake), like when a man mistakenly copulates with a woman he thinks is his wife.<ref>Shāhrūdī, ''Farhang-i fiqh muṭābiq bā madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt'', vol. 1, p. 161.</ref> | ||
According to the fatwa of the jurists, there is no [[hadd]] (prescribed punishment) for suspicious copulation. Also, in it, the woman must wait the [['idda]] period,<ref>Banī Hāshimī Khomeinī, ''Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil-i marājiʿ'', vol. 1, p. 267.</ref> and she is entitled to receive the [[dowry]].<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, '' | According to the fatwa of the jurists, there is no [[hadd]] (prescribed punishment) for suspicious copulation. Also, in it, the woman must wait the [['idda]] period,<ref>Banī Hāshimī Khomeinī, ''Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil-i marājiʿ'', vol. 1, p. 267.</ref> and she is entitled to receive the [[dowry]].<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 808.</ref> Of course, according to [[Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi]], if the mistake is only on the part of the man, that is, if the woman knows that she is not [[mahram]] with him, then she is not entitled to receive "mahr al-mithl" (normal dowry).<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 32, p. 378- 379.</ref> | ||
===Forbidden Copulation=== | ===Forbidden Copulation=== | ||
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*It is permissible to copulate with the wife from behind, but it is strongly [[disliked]].<ref>Ḥillī, ''Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām'', vol. 2, p. 214. </ref> | *It is permissible to copulate with the wife from behind, but it is strongly [[disliked]].<ref>Ḥillī, ''Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām'', vol. 2, p. 214. </ref> | ||
*Copulation at the beginning, middle, and end of every (lunar) month is disliked, except for the eve of the first day of Ramadan.<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 20, p. 129.</ref> | *Copulation at the beginning, middle, and end of every (lunar) month is disliked, except for the eve of the first day of Ramadan.<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 20, p. 129.</ref> | ||
*Copulation is [[recommended]] on the eves of [[Monday|Mondays]], [[Tuesday|Tuesdays]], [[Thursday|Thursdays]], and [[Friday|Fridays]] and at noon on Thursdays.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī,'' | *Copulation is [[recommended]] on the eves of [[Monday|Mondays]], [[Tuesday|Tuesdays]], [[Thursday|Thursdays]], and [[Friday|Fridays]] and at noon on Thursdays.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 801.</ref> | ||
*Copulation at the night and on the day when the moon or the sun is eclipsed, as well as when the sun is setting, when it is rising until sunrise, and after "[[ihtilam]]" in sleep is disliked.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī,'' | *Copulation at the night and on the day when the moon or the sun is eclipsed, as well as when the sun is setting, when it is rising until sunrise, and after "[[ihtilam]]" in sleep is disliked.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 5, p. 482.</ref> | ||
*Copulation is disliked for a traveler who has arrived at night.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī,'' | *Copulation is disliked for a traveler who has arrived at night.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 5, p. 482; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 20, p. 131. </ref> | ||
*Copulation facing and backing the Qibla, and with a full stomach is disliked.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī,'' | *Copulation facing and backing the Qibla, and with a full stomach is disliked.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 5, p. 483.</ref> | ||
*Copulation with one's wife causes eternal prohibition of the marriage of the husband (stepfather) with the daughters ([[rabiba]]) and granddaughters of that woman from her former and future husbands.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 29, p. 349.</ref> | *Copulation with one's wife causes eternal prohibition of the marriage of the husband (stepfather) with the daughters ([[rabiba]]) and granddaughters of that woman from her former and future husbands.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 29, p. 349.</ref> | ||
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==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{ | {{notes}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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*Ḥillī, Jaʿfar b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām fī masāʾil al-ḥalāl wa l-ḥarām''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAlī Baqqāl. Second edition. Qom: Muʾassisa-yi Ismāʿīlīyān, 1408 AH. | *Ḥillī, Jaʿfar b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām fī masāʾil al-ḥalāl wa l-ḥarām''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAlī Baqqāl. Second edition. Qom: Muʾassisa-yi Ismāʿīlīyān, 1408 AH. | ||
*Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa''. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, [n.d]. | *Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa''. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, [n.d]. | ||
*Najafī, Muḥammad al-Ḥasan al-. ''Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ sharāʾiʿ al-Islām''. 7th edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1404 AH. | *Najafī, Muḥammad al-Ḥasan al-. ''Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ sharāʾiʿ al-Islām''. 7th edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1404 AH. | ||
*Shāhrūdī, Sayyid Maḥmūd. ''Farhang-i fiqh muṭābiq bā madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt''. 3rd edition. Qom: Muʾassisat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Fiqh al-Islāmī, 1392 Sh. | *Shāhrūdī, Sayyid Maḥmūd. ''Farhang-i fiqh muṭābiq bā madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt''. 3rd edition. Qom: Muʾassisat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Fiqh al-Islāmī, 1392 Sh. | ||