Dome of the Rock: Difference between revisions

'''Al-Ṣakhra Mosque''' or '''al-Ṣakhra al-Muqaddasa''' (Arabic: {{ia|الصخرة المقدسة}}) is a [[mosque]] in the sacred area on Mount Moriah in [[Jerusalem al-Quds]]. This mosque and its dome which is known as '''Qubbat al-ṣakhra''' (Arabic: {{ia|قبة الصخرة}}) [Dome of the Rock] has been built over a huge rock and is respected in [[Judaism]], [[Christianity]] and [[Islam]]. Based on Islamic beliefs, [[Holy Prophet (s)]] has [[Mi'raj|ascended]] to heavens from upon this rock. Based on Jewish beliefs, Earth has been expanded from beneath this rock, human’s body has been created from its dust and [[Abraham (a)]] has been assigned to [[Sacrifice of Isma'il|sacrifice his son]] there.

The mountain on which the Dome of the Rock has been constructed was the direction of [[qibla]] for Muslims up to second year/623-4 CE after [[Migration to Medina|hijra]].<ref>Mīr Abu l-Qāsimī, ''Bāstānshināsī-yi Qur'ān'', p. 114.</ref> According to Islamic beliefs, the Holy Prophet (s) ascended to heavens from upon this rock at the [[Night of Ascent]].<ref>Mūsā Ghūsha, ''Tārīkh-i majmūʿa masjid al-aqṣā'', p. 23.</ref> Jews believe that Earth has been expanded from beneath this rock and the body of [[Adam (a)]] has been created from its dust and it is the same place where Abraham (a) was assigned to sacrifice his son.<ref>Ḥamīdī, ''Tārīkh-i Urshalīm'', p. 17, 18.</ref>

Mosque of the Rock or Dome of the Rock is located in the area of al-Aqsa Mosque on a mountain called Moriah in Jerusalem.<ref>Mūsā Ghūsha, ''Tārīkh-i majmūʿa masjid al-aqṣā'', p. 23.</ref> Dome of the Rock has a golden dome and is located over an octagonal structure which has four gates to four directions.<ref>Mūsā Ghūsha, ''Tārīkh-i majmūʿa masjid al-aqṣā'', p. 23.</ref>

On a piece of marble pillar in southwest of the mosque, there is a place called "Qadam Muhammad (s)" which is said to be the footprint of the [[Prophet (s)]] at the Night of Ascent.<ref>Ḥamīdī, ''Tārīkh-i Urshalīm'', p. 17, 18.</ref> Also near the Dome of the Rock, there is a place known as Qubbat al-Nabi (Dome of the Prophet) and according to local beliefs in Jerusalem, [[Prophet Khidr (a)]] has said [[prayer]]s there.<ref>Nijātī, ''Ḥaḍrat-i Khiḍr wa makānhā-yi mansūb bi īshān'', p. 244.</ref> Dome of the Rock is known as one of the richest Islamic structures in terms of decorations. <ref>Ḥamīdī, ''Tārīkh-i Urshalīm'', p. 17, 18.</ref>

Construction of al-Sakhra Mosque started in 66/685-6 in the reign of [[Abd al-Malik b. Marwan]] on the rock on Mount Moriah in Jerusalem and finished in 72/691-2.<ref>Mūsā Ghūsha, ''Tārīkh-i majmūʿa masjid al-aqṣā'', p. 23.</ref> When [[Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr]] acceded to [[caliphate]] in [[Mecca]] and forced people to pledge [[allegiance]] with him, Abd al-Malik b. Marwan restricted people's trip to [[Hajj]] and tried to replace it with a visit to and circumambulation around the Dome of the Rock.<ref>Damīrī, ''Ḥayāt al-ḥaywān'', vol. 1, p. 100; Ḥusaynī Tehrānī, ''Imāmshināsī'', vol. 18, p. 323-325.</ref>

In 407/1016-7 a severe earthquake occurred in al-Quds and Dome of the Rock was destroyed. In 413/1022-3 and in the reign of [[Fatimid]] caliph, al-Zahir, al-Sakhra Mosque was reconstructed. Another earthquake in 460/1067-8 destroyed the mosque and it was reconstructed again in the reign of Abbassid caliph, al-Qa'im bi Amr Allah in 467/1074-5.<ref>Mūsā Ghūsha, ''Tārīkh-i majmūʿa masjid al-aqṣā'', p. 26.</ref>

This mosque was named al-Sakhra Mosque since it was located on a rock on Mount Moriah in Jerusalem. That is why it is also called Dome of the Rock.<ref>Ḥamīdī, ''Tārīkh-i Urshalīm'', p. 17, 18.</ref>

Dome of the Rock is sometimes mistaken with [[al-Aqsa Mosque]]. It should be noted that Dome of the Rock has a golden dome while the dome of al-Aqsa Mosque is dark.<ref>[https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/1773013/قبه-الصخره-را-با-مسجدالاقصی-اشتباه-نگیرید Do not confuse the Dome of the Rock with Al-Aqsa Mosque] www.iribnews.ir.</ref>

*[[Al-Aqsa Mosque]]

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