Al-Juhfah: Difference between revisions

Al-Juhfah is a region 183 km away from [[Mecca]]<ref>Nāṣirī, ''Mīqāt-i Juḥfa'', p. 167.</ref> and one of the important [[miqats]] of [[hajj al-tamattu']] and [[al-'umra al-mufrada]] for residents of [[Syria]] and [[Egypt]] and those who pass by there.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, ''Al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 4, p. 634; </ref> This city is 9 km away from [[Ghadir Khumm]], near the Red Sea and today those who go to Mecca from Jeddah wear ihram there.

In narrations from the [[Prophet (s)]] and [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], both names of Mahya'a and al-Juhfah were used for this region.<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 318- 319; Bakrī, ''Muʿjam mā istaʿjam'', vol 2, p.368- 370; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 96, p. 128.</ref>

During the time of [[the Prophet (s)]], al-Juhfah had important events, one of its most important ones were some [[Sariyya]]s of the Prophet (s) such as [[Sariyya of 'Ubayda b. al-Harith]] ([[Sha'ban]], [[1]]/Febraury/ March 623)<ref>Masʿūdī, ''al-Tanbīh wa al-ishrāf'', p. 201; Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 2, p. 4; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 371.</ref> in Rabigh near al-Juhfah and also Sariyya of Kharrar led by Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas ([[Ramadan]], [[1]]/ March/ April 623).<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 69; Masʿūdī, ''al-Tanbīh wa al-ishrāf'', p. 201; Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 3, p. 234.</ref>

Upon the [[Battle of Badr]] when the polytheists were informed of the escape of the commercial caravan, some people including Banu Zuhra stopped going to the battle and returned to [[Mecca]] from al-Juhfah.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 2, p. 438; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1. p. 291.</ref> In this region, Juhaym b. al-Salt dreamed killing of the chiefs of [[Quraysh]] in that battle, but [[Abu Jahl]] ridiculed him.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 2, p. 438; Ibn Hishām, ''Al-Sīrat al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 618; Ibn Ḥabīb, ''al-Munammaq'', p. 338.</ref>  

There are also reports of historians about the Prophet's (s) staying in this place in the way toward Mecca for the [[Treaty of Hudaybiyya|Event of Hudaybiyya]] ([[6]]/627-8) and also wearing of [[ihram]] by some Muslims who did not wear ihram in [[Dhu l-Hulayfa]].<ref> Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 2, p. 574.</ref> According to these reports, Muslims faced shortage of water in this place and the Prophet (s) sent some people to find water, but they returned without success due to their fear from Meccans and finally the Prophet (s) sent [[Ali (a)]] for it.<ref> Mufīd, ''Al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 121; Irbilī, ''Kashf al-ghumma'', vol. 1, p. 210; Qundūzī, ''Yanābīʿ al-mawada'', vol. 1, p. 367.</ref> It seems that it was in this place that polytheists were informed of Muslims' movement.<ref>Maqrizī, ''Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 279.</ref>

The next year, the Prophet (s) wore ihram in al-Juhfah upon going for [['umrat al-qada']].<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 251.</ref> When the Prophet (s) was going for the [[Conquest of Mecca]] ([[8]]/629-30), his uncle [[al-Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib|al-'Abbas]] joined the army of Muslims in this place.<ref>Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 4, p. 287.</ref>

Some sources reported the [[Event of Ghadir]] in al-Juhfah and mentioned it as Ghadir al-Juhfah<ref>Ibn Maghāzīlī, ''Manāqib Ahl al-Bayt (a)'', p. 70.</ref> and called the event, Yawm al-Juhfah. Also, some others did not link the event of Ghadir with al-Juhfah,<ref>Fīrūz Ābādī, ''Al-Qāmūs al-muḥiṭ'', vol. 4, p. 109.</ref> but reported the revelation of the [[al-Tabligh Verse]] and introduction of Ali (a) as the successor of the Prophet (s) in this place. In his report of the [[Event of Ghadir]], al-Qunduzi reported saying the [[Hadith al-Thaqalayn]] by the Prophet (s) and introduction of Ali (a) as his successor in this place.

The Prophet (s) called al-Juhfah a miqat for [[hajj]]. In some narrations, this place is introduced as miqat for Moroccans<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 318- 319; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 96, p. 128- 129.</ref> and in another report, it has been considered a miqat for the people of Syria.<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 319; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 96, p. 130; Ibn Ḥanbal, ''Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal'', vol. 2, p. 130.</ref> Accordingly, Great Shia scholars of [[fiqh]] considered al-Juhfah a miqat of the people of Syria, Egyptians, and Moroccans.<ref> Ḥillī, ''Al-Jāmiʿ li-Sharāʾiʿ'', p. 178; Ḥillī, ''Mukhtalaf al-Shīʿa'', vol. 4, p. 44; Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 18, p. 102, 113.</ref> Today, this region is a miqat for all those who go to Mecca from Jeddah.

Also some sources have considered al-Juhfah a miqat in cases of emergencies for the people of [[Medina]] and those who go by there to hajj; i.e. those who do not wear ihram in [[Dhu l-Hulayfa]], need to wear ihram in al-Juhfah<ref> Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 18, p. 109- 110; Shahīd al-Thānī, ''al-Rawḍat al-bahiyya'', vol. 2, p. 226; Ṭūsī, ''al-Nihāya'', p. 210.</ref> the same as [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] who moved from [[Medina]] without wearing ihram and then wore ihram in al-Juhfah and referred to the narration from the Prophet (s) who gave permission to the weak and the ill to wear ihram in al-Juhfah.<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 324.</ref> Some [[Sunni]] sources such as [[Maliki]] faqihs did not consider this comprehensively permissible and believe that only people from Syria who go to Mecca from Medina can wear ihram either in Dhu l-Hulayfa or al-Juhfah<ref>Ḥaṭṭāb al-Ruʿaynī, ''Mawāhib al-jalīl'', vol. 4, p. 45.</ref> and can postpone wearing ihram to al-Juhfah. Also, some scholars considered it permissible to wear ihram from somewhere adjacent to al-Juhfah; i.e. those who have not passed miqat or have passed it without ihram with some reason, can wear ihram from somewhere adjacent to al-Juhfah.<ref>Shahīd al-Thānī, ''Masālik al-ifhām'', vol. 2, p. 215; Shahīd al-Thānī, ''Ḥāshīya Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām'', vol. 2, p. 215; Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 4, p. 632.</ref> Some have considered this adjacency exclusive to al-Shajara mosque and do not consider it permissible to wear ihram from somewhere adjacent to al-Juhfah.<ref> Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 11, p. 318.</ref>