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Sharh nahj al-balagha (by Ibn Abi l-Hadid): Difference between revisions
Sharh nahj al-balagha (by Ibn Abi l-Hadid) (view source)
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==Author== | ==Author== | ||
{{Main|Ibn Abi l-Hadid}} | {{Main|Ibn Abi l-Hadid}} | ||
Abd al-Hamid b. Hibat Allah, known as Ibn Abi l-Hadid (586/1190 - 656/1258) was born in [[al-Mada'in]]. He began his education in his hometown and then traveled to [[Baghdad]] to continue his studies. | Abd al-Hamid b. Hibat Allah, known as Ibn Abi l-Hadid (586/1190 - 656/1258)<ref>Ibn al-Fuwaṭī, ''Majmaʿ al-ādāb fī muʿjam al-alqāb'', vol. 1, p. 214.</ref> was born in [[al-Mada'in]].<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 13, p. 199.</ref> He began his education in his hometown and then traveled to [[Baghdad]] to continue his studies.<ref>Mahdawī Dāmghānī, ''Jilwa-yi tārīkh dar Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 7.</ref> | ||
Ibn Abi l-Hadid was a [[Shafi'i]] in [[jurisprudence]] and a [[Mu'tazilite]] in beliefs. He composed works in the fields of [[theology]], logic, history, and poetry, but he is known mainly for his commentary on ''[[Nahj al-balagha]]'', which reveals his mastery of literature, theology, [[ethics]], history of early Islam, and Arabic poetry. | Ibn Abi l-Hadid was a [[Shafi'i]] in [[jurisprudence]]<ref>Ibn Khalkān, ''Wafayāt al-aʿyān'', vol. 7, p. 342.</ref> and a [[Mu'tazilite]] in beliefs.<ref>Fikrat, ''Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd'', p. 641-642.</ref> He composed works in the fields of [[theology]], logic, history, and poetry,<ref>Ibn Khalkān, ''Wafayāt al-aʿyān'', vol. 7, p. 342.</ref> but he is known mainly for his commentary on ''[[Nahj al-balagha]]'',<ref>Fikrat, ''Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd'', p. 641-642.</ref> which reveals his mastery of literature, theology, [[ethics]], history of early Islam, and Arabic poetry.<ref>Mahdawī Dāmghānī, ''Jilwa-yi tārīkh dar Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 12.</ref> | ||
==General Information== | ==General Information== | ||
According to what Ibn Abi l-Hadid mentions at the end of his work, the compilation of the commentary took him four years and eight months, which, he notes, was the duration of the caliphate of Imam Ali (a). Ibn Abi l-Hadid started writing the commentary on [[Rajab]] 644/November 1246 and finished it on the end of [[Safar]] 649/May 1251. | According to what Ibn Abi l-Hadid mentions at the end of his work, the compilation of the commentary took him four years and eight months, which, he notes, was the duration of the caliphate of Imam Ali (a).<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 20, p. 349.</ref> Ibn Abi l-Hadid started writing the commentary on [[Rajab]] 644/November 1246 and finished it on the end of [[Safar]] 649/May 1251.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 20, p. 349.</ref> | ||
He dedicated the commentary to [[Muhammad b. al-'Alqami|Muhammad b. al-Alqami]] (591/1194-5 - 656/1258), the [[Abbasid]] vizier, and received from him precious gifts in return. | He dedicated the commentary to [[Muhammad b. al-'Alqami|Muhammad b. al-Alqami]] (591/1194-5 - 656/1258), the [[Abbasid]] vizier, and received from him precious gifts in return. | ||
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Among the features of the commentary are the following: | Among the features of the commentary are the following: | ||
* '''Using Shiite and Sunni sources:''' Ibn Abi l-Hadid uses Shiite and Sunni sources in the compilation of his commentary. For instance, to refute [[Qadi Abd al-Jabbar]]'s defenses of Uthman, he uses the responses of [[al-Sharif al-Murtada]]. It is said that Ibn Abi l-Hadid was the supervisor of the libraries in [[Baghdad]], including the ten-thousand-volume library of Ibn al-Alqami, and this is why he has used in his commentary sources that were not even at the disposal of [[Muhammad b. Jarir al-Tabari]], the well-known historian of the third/ninth century. | * '''Using Shiite and Sunni sources:''' Ibn Abi l-Hadid uses Shiite and Sunni sources in the compilation of his commentary.<ref>Mahdawī Dāmghānī, ''Jilwa-yi tārīkh dar Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 15.</ref> For instance, to refute [[Qadi Abd al-Jabbar]]'s defenses of Uthman, he uses the responses of [[al-Sharif al-Murtada]].<ref>Subḥānī nīyā, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd'', p. 59.</ref> It is said that Ibn Abi l-Hadid was the supervisor of the libraries in [[Baghdad]], including the ten-thousand-volume library of Ibn al-Alqami, and this is why he has used in his commentary sources that were not even at the disposal of [[Muhammad b. Jarir al-Tabari]], the well-known historian of the third/ninth century.<ref>Mahdawī Dāmghānī, ''Jilwa-yi tārīkh dar Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 15.</ref> | ||
* '''Comprehensiveness:''' The Commentary of Ibn Abi l-Hadid on ''Nahj al-balagha'' is considered an encyclopedia of literature, theology, [[jurisprudence]], ethics, history, genealogy, and general Arab culture. According to Mahdavi Damghani, one of the translators of ''Nahj al-balagha'', among the various aspects of Ibn Abi l-Hadid's commentary, its literary, historical and social, and theological aspects are especially significant. The commentary contains an account of Islamic history since the time of the [[Prophet (s)]] until [[623 AH|623]]/1226, i.e., thirteen years before the conquest of Baghdad by the [[Mongols]]. Almost half of the book is dedicated to materials about the historical and social circumstances of the first half of the first/seventh century. Moreover, in this commentary, about eight thousand verses of poem are used. Ibn Abi l-Hadid has also responded to the claims about inauthenticity of parts of ''Nahj al-balagha''. | * '''Comprehensiveness:''' The Commentary of Ibn Abi l-Hadid on ''Nahj al-balagha'' is considered an encyclopedia of literature, theology, [[jurisprudence]], ethics, history, genealogy, and general Arab culture.<ref>Mahdawī Dāmghānī, ''Jilwa-yi tārīkh dar Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 17.</ref> According to Mahdavi Damghani, one of the translators of ''Nahj al-balagha'', among the various aspects of Ibn Abi l-Hadid's commentary, its literary, historical and social, and theological aspects are especially significant.<ref>Mahdawī Dāmghānī, ''Jilwa-yi tārīkh dar Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 14.</ref> The commentary contains an account of Islamic history since the time of the [[Prophet (s)]] until [[623 AH|623]]/1226, i.e., thirteen years before the conquest of Baghdad by the [[Mongols]].<ref>Ḥusaynī, ''Maṣādir Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 233.</ref> Almost half of the book is dedicated to materials about the historical and social circumstances of the first half of the first/seventh century.<ref>Mahdawī Dāmghānī, ''Jilwa-yi tārīkh dar Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 14.</ref> Moreover, in this commentary, about eight thousand verses of poem are used.<ref>Mahdawī Dāmghānī, ''Jilwa-yi tārīkh dar Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 18.</ref> Ibn Abi l-Hadid has also responded to the claims about inauthenticity of parts of ''Nahj al-balagha''.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 20, p. 126-130.</ref> | ||
* '''Defining difficult words:''' Ibn Abi l-Hadid first quotes a passage of ''Nahj al-balagha'' under the title ''asl'' (text), then under the title ''sharh'' (commentary) he writes his explanations which include definitions of difficult words and expressions. | * '''Defining difficult words:''' Ibn Abi l-Hadid first quotes a passage of ''Nahj al-balagha'' under the title ''asl'' (text), then under the title ''sharh'' (commentary) he writes his explanations which include definitions of difficult words and expressions. | ||
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A manuscript of this work is preserved in the library of [[Astan-i Quds-i Radawi]], which is believed to have been produced during the lifetime of the author. | A manuscript of this work is preserved in the library of [[Astan-i Quds-i Radawi]], which is believed to have been produced during the lifetime of the author. | ||
==Notes== | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||