Sharh nahj al-balagha (by Ibn Abi l-Hadid): Difference between revisions

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 * '''Comprehensiveness:''' The Commentary of Ibn Abi l-Hadid on ''Nahj al-balagha'' is considered an encyclopedia of literature, theology, [[jurisprudence]], ethics, history, genealogy, and general Arab culture.<ref>Mahdawī Dāmghānī, ''Jilwa-yi tārīkh dar Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 17.</ref> According to Mahdavi Damghani, one of the translators of ''Nahj al-balagha'', among the various aspects of Ibn Abi l-Hadid's commentary, its literary, historical and social, and theological aspects are especially significant.<ref>Mahdawī Dāmghānī, ''Jilwa-yi tārīkh dar Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 14.</ref> The commentary contains an account of Islamic history since the time of the [[Prophet (s)]] until [[623 AH|623]]/1226, i.e., thirteen years before the conquest of Baghdad by the [[Mongols]].<ref>Ḥusaynī, ''Maṣādir Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 233.</ref> Almost half of the book is dedicated to materials about the historical and social circumstances of the first half of the first/seventh century.<ref>Mahdawī Dāmghānī, ''Jilwa-yi tārīkh dar Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 14.</ref> Moreover, in this commentary, about eight thousand verses of poem are used.<ref>Mahdawī Dāmghānī, ''Jilwa-yi tārīkh dar Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 18.</ref> Ibn Abi l-Hadid has also responded to the claims about inauthenticity of parts of ''Nahj al-balagha''.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 20, p. 126-130.</ref>
-* '''Defining difficult words:''' Ibn Abi l-Hadid first quotes a passage of ''Nahj al-balagha'' under the title ''asl'' (text), then under the title ''sharh'' (commentary) he writes his explanations which include definitions of difficult words and expressions.
+* '''Defining difficult words:''' Ibn Abi l-Hadid first quotes a passage of ''Nahj al-balagha'' under the title ''asl'' (text), then under the title ''sharh'' (commentary),<ref>See: Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 57-58.</ref> he writes his explanations which include definitions of difficult words and expressions.<ref>Ḥusaynī, ''Maṣādir Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 234.</ref>
-* '''Providing an account of the author's time:''' Living at the time of the Mongol invasion, Ibn Abi l-Hadid provides an account of their emergence and conquest of [[Transoxiana]], [[Khorasan]], [[Iraq]], and especially [[Baghdad]]. For this reason, the work is considered one of the important sources of the history of that period.
+* '''Providing an account of the author's time:''' Living at the time of the Mongol invasion,<ref>Ḥusaynī, ''Maṣādir Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 233.</ref> Ibn Abi l-Hadid provides an account of their emergence and conquest of [[Transoxiana]], [[Khorasan]], [[Iraq]], and especially [[Baghdad]].<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 8, p. 219-243.</ref> For this reason, the work is considered one of the important sources of the history of that period.<ref>Fikrat, ''Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd'', p. 641.</ref>
-* '''Providing a biography of al-Sharif al-Radi:''' In his introduction to the commentary, Ibn Abi l-Hadid provides a biography of [[al-Sharif al-Radi]] and his genealogy.
+* '''Providing a biography of al-Sharif al-Radi:''' In his introduction to the commentary, Ibn Abi l-Hadid provides a biography of [[al-Sharif al-Radi]] and his genealogy.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 11-42.</ref>
 ==Author's Views==
-In his introduction to the commentary, Ibn Abi l-Hadid mentions the views of the [[Mu'tazila]] on [[imamate]], [[Virtues of Imam Ali (a)|superiority of Ali (a) over the first three caliphs]], and the status of those who fought against him and the [[Kharijites]].
+In his introduction to the commentary, Ibn Abi l-Hadid mentions the views of the [[Mu'tazila]] on [[imamate]], [[Virtues of Imam Ali (a)|superiority of Ali (a) over the first three caliphs]], and the status of those who fought against him and the [[Kharijites]].<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 6-11.</ref>
-* '''Superiority of Imam Ali (a) Over the First Three Caliphs:''' according to Ibn Abi l-Hadid, the Mu'tazilites were of three opinions regarding the order of superiority among the [[Rashidun Caliphs|first four caliphs]]: some considered Imam Ali (a) to be the best, some chose [[Abu Bakr]] as the best, and a third group did not take a position. Following the Mu'tazila of Baghdad, Ibn Abi l-Hadid believed in the superiority of [[Imam Ali (a)]] over the other caliphs due to the Imam's greater deeds and nobler characteristics. However, he did not believe that the Prophet (s) had designated Ali (a) as his successor.
+* '''Superiority of Imam Ali (a) Over the First Three Caliphs:''' according to Ibn Abi l-Hadid, the Mu'tazilites were of three opinions regarding the order of superiority among the [[Rashidun Caliphs|first four caliphs]]: some considered Imam Ali (a) to be the best, some chose [[Abu Bakr]] as the best, and a third group did not take a position.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 7-8.</ref> Following the Mu'tazila of Baghdad, Ibn Abi l-Hadid believed in the superiority of [[Imam Ali (a)]] over the other caliphs due to the Imam's greater deeds and nobler characteristics.<ref></ref> However, he did not believe that the Prophet (s) had designated Ali (a) as his successor.
 * '''Those who fought against Imam Ali (a) are doomed:''' Ibn Abi l-Hadid believed that those who engaged in the [[Battle of Jamal]] against Imam Ali (a) are doomed to hell—except [[A'isha]], [[Talha]], and [[Zubayr]], because, according to Ibn Abi l-Hadid, they repented. Likewise, he maintained that those who participated in the [[Battle of Siffin]] against Imam Ali (a) and also the Kharijites were all doomed to [[hell]].