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Sharh nahj al-balagha (by Ibn Abi l-Hadid): Difference between revisions
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In his introduction to the commentary, Ibn Abi l-Hadid mentions the views of the [[Mu'tazila]] on [[imamate]], [[Virtues of Imam Ali (a)|superiority of Ali (a) over the first three caliphs]], and the status of those who fought against him and the [[Kharijites]].<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 6-11.</ref> | In his introduction to the commentary, Ibn Abi l-Hadid mentions the views of the [[Mu'tazila]] on [[imamate]], [[Virtues of Imam Ali (a)|superiority of Ali (a) over the first three caliphs]], and the status of those who fought against him and the [[Kharijites]].<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 6-11.</ref> | ||
* '''Superiority of Imam Ali (a) Over the First Three Caliphs:''' according to Ibn Abi l-Hadid, the Mu'tazilites were of three opinions regarding the order of superiority among the [[Rashidun Caliphs|first four caliphs]]: some considered Imam Ali (a) to be the best, some chose [[Abu Bakr]] as the best, and a third group did not take a position.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 7-8.</ref> Following the Mu'tazila of Baghdad, Ibn Abi l-Hadid believed in the superiority of [[Imam Ali (a)]] over the other caliphs due to the Imam's greater deeds and nobler characteristics.<ref></ref> However, he did not believe that the Prophet (s) had designated Ali (a) as his successor. | * '''Superiority of Imam Ali (a) Over the First Three Caliphs:''' according to Ibn Abi l-Hadid, the Mu'tazilites were of three opinions regarding the order of superiority among the [[Rashidun Caliphs|first four caliphs]]: some considered Imam Ali (a) to be the best, some chose [[Abu Bakr]] as the best, and a third group did not take a position.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 7-8.</ref> Following the Mu'tazila of Baghdad, Ibn Abi l-Hadid believed in the superiority of [[Imam Ali (a)]] over the other caliphs due to the Imam's greater deeds and nobler characteristics.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 9.</ref> However, he did not believe that the Prophet (s) had designated Ali (a) as his successor.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 2, p. 59.</ref> | ||
* '''Those who fought against Imam Ali (a) are doomed:''' Ibn Abi l-Hadid believed that those who engaged in the [[Battle of Jamal]] against Imam Ali (a) are doomed to hell—except [[A'isha]], [[Talha]], and [[Zubayr]], because, according to Ibn Abi l-Hadid, they repented. Likewise, he maintained that those who participated in the [[Battle of Siffin]] against Imam Ali (a) and also the Kharijites were all doomed to [[hell]]. | * '''Those who fought against Imam Ali (a) are doomed:''' Ibn Abi l-Hadid believed that those who engaged in the [[Battle of Jamal]] against Imam Ali (a) are doomed to hell—except [[A'isha]], [[Talha]], and [[Zubayr]], because, according to Ibn Abi l-Hadid, they repented.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 9.</ref> Likewise, he maintained that those who participated in the [[Battle of Siffin]] against Imam Ali (a) and also the Kharijites were all doomed to [[hell]].<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 9.</ref> | ||
* '''Imam Ali (a) had the best measures:''' Ibn Abi l-Hadid maintained that Imam Ali (a) had the best and most advantageous views and plans in various situations. He gave best advises to [[Umar]] in his battles with the [[Romans]] and [[Persians]]. He also offered Uthman advises that were to the latter's good and could prevent the events that led to the revolt against him and his murder. | * '''Imam Ali (a) had the best measures:''' Ibn Abi l-Hadid maintained that Imam Ali (a) had the best and most advantageous views and plans in various situations. He gave the best advises to [[Umar]] in his battles with the [[Romans]] and [[Persians]].<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 28.</ref> He also offered Uthman advises that were to the latter's good and could prevent the events that led to the revolt against him and his murder.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 28.</ref> | ||
* Ibn Abi l-Hadid regarded Imam Ali (a) as a fully practicing [[believer]], who would never break divine laws. However, according to him, the other caliphs would sometimes give precedence to the good of society. | * Ibn Abi l-Hadid regarded Imam Ali (a) as a fully practicing [[believer]], who would never break divine laws. However, according to him, the other caliphs would sometimes give precedence to the good of society.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 28.</ref> | ||
==Related Works== | ==Related Works== | ||
===Refutations=== | ===Refutations=== | ||
Shiite scholars have written refutations on ''Sharh nahj al-balagha'' by Ibn Abi l-Hadid, because it contains contents that are against Shiite beliefs regarding the issue of [[imamate]] and its history. Among these refutations are the following: | Shiite scholars have written refutations on ''Sharh nahj al-balagha'' by Ibn Abi l-Hadid, because it contains contents that are against Shiite beliefs regarding the issue of [[imamate]] and its history.<ref>Ustādī, ''Kitābnāma-yi Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 37-39.</ref> Among these refutations are the following: | ||
*''Salasil al-hadid li-taqyid Ibn Abi l-Hadid'' written by [[Yusuf al-Bahrani]] (d.1186/1772) | *''Salasil al-hadid li-taqyid Ibn Abi l-Hadid'' written by [[Yusuf al-Bahrani]] (d.1186/1772)<ref>Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, ''al-Dharīʿa'', vol. 12, p. 210.</ref> | ||
*''Al-Ruh fi l-naqd ma abramahu Ibn Abi l-Hadid'' by [[Sayyid Ahmad b. Tawus al-Hilli]] (d. 673/1274) | *''Al-Ruh fi l-naqd ma abramahu Ibn Abi l-Hadid'' by [[Sayyid Ahmad b. Tawus al-Hilli]] (d. 673/1274) | ||
*''Al-Radd 'ala Ibn Abi l-Hadid'' by Ali b. Hasan al-Biladi al-Bahrani (d. 1340/1922) | *''Al-Radd 'ala Ibn Abi l-Hadid'' by Ali b. Hasan al-Biladi al-Bahrani (d. 1340/1922) | ||
*''Salasil al-hadid fi l-radd 'ala Ibn Abi l-Hadid'' by Shaykh Yusuf al-Kufi | *''Salasil al-hadid fi l-radd 'ala Ibn Abi l-Hadid'' by Shaykh Yusuf al-Kufi | ||
*''Al-Naqd al-sadid li-sharh khutba al-Shiqshiqiyya li-Ibn Abi l-Hadid'' | *''Al-Naqd al-sadid li-sharh khutba al-Shiqshiqiyya li-Ibn Abi l-Hadid''<ref>Ḥusaynī, ''Maṣādir Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 237-238; Ustādī, ''Kitābnāma-yi Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 37-39.</ref> | ||
===Summaries=== | ===Summaries=== | ||
The commentary of Ibn Abi l-Hadid on ''Nahj al-balagha'' has been summarized in the following works: | The commentary of Ibn Abi l-Hadid on ''Nahj al-balagha'' has been summarized in the following works: | ||
* ''Al-'Aqd al-nadid al-mustakhrij min sharh Ibn Abi l-Hadid'' by Fakhr al-Din Abd Allah al-Mu'ayyid bi-Allah | * ''Al-'Aqd al-nadid al-mustakhrij min sharh Ibn Abi l-Hadid'' by Fakhr al-Din Abd Allah al-Mu'ayyid bi-Allah<ref>Ḥusaynī, ''Maṣādir Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 238.</ref> | ||
* Sultan Mahmud Tabasi has also written a summary of it, and Muhammad Qanbar Ali Kazimi has produced the book ''Iltiqat al-durar al-muntakhab'' (Picking Select Pearls) as a selection of its contents. | * Sultan Mahmud Tabasi has also written a summary of it, and Muhammad Qanbar Ali Kazimi has produced the book ''Iltiqat al-durar al-muntakhab'' (Picking Select Pearls) as a selection of its contents.<ref>Ḥusaynī, ''Maṣādir Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 238.</ref> | ||
Moreover, the book ''al-'Udhayq al-nadid bi-masadir Ibn Abi l-Hadid'' by Ahmad Rabi'i deals with the sources that Ibn Abi l-Hadid has used in his commentary, which, according to this book, amount to 222 sources. | Moreover, the book ''al-'Udhayq al-nadid bi-masadir Ibn Abi l-Hadid'' by Ahmad Rabi'i deals with the sources that Ibn Abi l-Hadid has used in his commentary,<ref>Rabīʿī, ''al-ʿUdhayq al-naḍīd bi-maṣādir Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd fī Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', preface, p. 5-6.</ref> which, according to this book, amount to 222 sources.<ref>Subḥānī nīyā, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd'', p. 59.</ref> | ||
==Publication== | ==Publication== | ||
''Sharh nahj al-balagha'' was compiled in twenty volumes (edited by Muhammad Abu l-Fadl Ibrahim), and was published in two-volume, four-volume, eleven-volume (edited by Abd al-Karim al-Nimri and published by Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya), and twenty-volume editions. | ''Sharh nahj al-balagha'' was compiled in twenty volumes (edited by Muhammad Abu l-Fadl Ibrahim),<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 13, p. 199.</ref> and was published in two-volume, four-volume, eleven-volume (edited by Abd al-Karim al-Nimri and published by Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya), and twenty-volume editions.<ref>Ustādī, ''Kitābnāma-yi Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 37.</ref> | ||
A manuscript of this work is preserved in the library of [[Astan-i Quds-i Radawi]], which is believed to have been produced during the lifetime of the author. | A manuscript of this work is preserved in the library of [[Astan-i Quds-i Radawi]], which is believed to have been produced during the lifetime of the author.<ref>Fikrat, ''Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd'', p. 642.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
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* Rabīʿī, Aḥmad. ''Al-ʿUdhayq al-naḍīd bi-maṣādir Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd fī Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha''. Baghdad: 1407 AH. | * Rabīʿī, Aḥmad. ''Al-ʿUdhayq al-naḍīd bi-maṣādir Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd fī Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha''. Baghdad: 1407 AH. | ||
* Subḥānī nīyā, Muḥammad Taqī. ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd''. In ''Ḥadīth-i Andīshah'' 6 (1387 Sh). | * Subḥānī nīyā, Muḥammad Taqī. ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd''. In ''Ḥadīth-i Andīshah'' 6 (1387 Sh). | ||
* | * Ustādī, Riḍā. ''Kitābnāma-yi Nahj al-balāgha''. Tehran: Bunyād-i Nahj al-balāgha, 1359 Sh. | ||
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