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Hamza b. Abd al-Muttalib: Difference between revisions
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{{for|other people named Hamza|Hamza (disambiguation)}} | {{for|other people named Hamza|Hamza (disambiguation)}} | ||
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'''Ḥamza b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib''' (Arabic: {{ | '''Ḥamza b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib''' (Arabic: {{ia|حمزة بن عبدالمطّلب}}) was the [[Prophet (s)|Prophet's (s)]] uncle and [[martyrdom|martyred]] in the [[Battle of Uhud]]. Even when Hamza had not still become a Muslim, he defended the Prophet (s) against the harassments of idolaters. He was one of the noble people of [[Quraysh]] and therefore when he became Muslim, Quraysh would harass the Prophet (s) less than before. | ||
After becoming a Muslim, Hamza was remained among the most important defenders of the Prophet (s). He accompanied Muslims in the [[Shi'b Abi Talib]]. Hamza participated in a number of battles including the [[Battle of Badr]] and the [[Battle of Uhud]] in which he was martyred. | After becoming a Muslim, Hamza was remained among the most important defenders of the Prophet (s). He accompanied Muslims in the [[Shi'b Abi Talib]]. Hamza participated in a number of battles including the [[Battle of Badr]] and the [[Battle of Uhud]] in which he was martyred. | ||
Hamza was titled as | Hamza was titled as "Asad Allah" and "Asad Rasul Allah". He was blessed after being martyred and was titled "[[Sayyid al-Shuhada]]". | ||
== His Name, Kunya and Title == | == His Name, Kunya and Title == | ||
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== Hamza before Islam == | == Hamza before Islam == | ||
Hamza participated in the battles of Fijar and the covenant of [[Hilf al-Fudul]]. He attended the ceremony for the Prophet's (s) proposal to [[Khadija]] together with other uncles of the Prophet (s). Even some sources have mentioned his name alone in that ceremony when [[Abu Talib]] recited the marriage | Hamza participated in the battles of Fijar and the covenant of [[Hilf al-Fudul]]. He attended the ceremony for the Prophet's (s) proposal to [[Khadija (a)]] together with other uncles of the Prophet (s). Even some sources have mentioned his name alone in that ceremony when [[Abu Talib]] recited the [[marriage formula]] even though he was a little older than the Prophet (s). | ||
In the year when [[Quraysh]] suffered a severe famine, the Prophet (s) suggested that someone accepts the guardianship of Abu Talib's family members since he had a large family; Hamza accepted the guardianship of [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib|Ja'far]]. [[Al-Tabari]] mentions [[Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib|Abbas]] as the person who did so. | In the year when [[Quraysh]] suffered a severe famine, the Prophet (s) suggested that someone accepts the guardianship of Abu Talib's family members since he had a large family; Hamza accepted the guardianship of [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib|Ja'far]]. [[Al-Tabari]] mentions [[Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib|Abbas]] as the person who did so. | ||
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In the [[brotherhood covenant]] of Muslims in [[Mecca]], Hamza became brother with [[Zayd b. Haritha]] and on the day of the [[Battle of Uhud]], had mentioned him as his successor. Also in the brotherhood covenant of [[Medina]], before the [[Battle of Badr]], he became the brother of [[Kulthum b. Hadm]]. | In the [[brotherhood covenant]] of Muslims in [[Mecca]], Hamza became brother with [[Zayd b. Haritha]] and on the day of the [[Battle of Uhud]], had mentioned him as his successor. Also in the brotherhood covenant of [[Medina]], before the [[Battle of Badr]], he became the brother of [[Kulthum b. Hadm]]. | ||
The | The Prophet (s) tied the first flag of war for Hamza in the month of [[Ramadan]], [[1]]/622 to lead the [[Sariyya]] against [[Quraysh]]'s caravan which was returning to [[Mecca]] from [[Levant]]. Hamza accompanied with 30 people from among the Immigrants went to 'Ays area near the sea and there encountered 300 pagan horsemen from Mecca led by [[Abu Jahl]]. Due to mediation of Majdi b. 'Amr Juhani who was at peace with both groups, no war took place and both armies came back to their people. Hamza also was the standard-bearer in the battles of Abwa' or Waddan, Dhu al-'Ushayra and [[Bani Qaynuqa']]. | ||
In the [[Battle of Badr]], Hamza was in the closest part of the Islam's army to idolaters. The Prophet (s) sent him, [['Ali (a)]] and [['Ubayda b. Harith b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] to fight with some of the chiefs of idolaters. According to different reports, 'Utba b. Rabi'a or Shayba were killed in direct combat with Hamza. | In the [[Battle of Badr]], Hamza was in the closest part of the Islam's army to idolaters. The Prophet (s) sent him, [['Ali (a)]] and [['Ubayda b. Harith b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] to fight with some of the chiefs of idolaters. According to different reports, 'Utba b. Rabi'a or Shayba were killed in direct combat with Hamza. | ||
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According to a report, Hind had a vow to eat the liver of Hamza. First, Wahshi promised to kill 'Ali (a), but in the battlefield, he martyred Hamza and took his liver to Hind. Hind gave Wahshi her clothes and jewels and promised to give him ten Dinars in [[Mecca]]. Then, she came to the body of Hamza and mutilated his body and by those parts of his body she cut, later made earrings, bracelet and anklets for herself. It is said that Mu'awiya b. Mughira and Abu Sufyan also mutilated or injured the body of Hamza. | According to a report, Hind had a vow to eat the liver of Hamza. First, Wahshi promised to kill 'Ali (a), but in the battlefield, he martyred Hamza and took his liver to Hind. Hind gave Wahshi her clothes and jewels and promised to give him ten Dinars in [[Mecca]]. Then, she came to the body of Hamza and mutilated his body and by those parts of his body she cut, later made earrings, bracelet and anklets for herself. It is said that Mu'awiya b. Mughira and Abu Sufyan also mutilated or injured the body of Hamza. | ||
Due to the savagery of the things happened to the body of Hamza, some [[ | Due to the savagery of the things happened to the body of Hamza, some [[companions]] of the Prophet (s) swore that they would mutilate 30 or more of the people of [[Quraysh]], but the verse 126 of [[Qur'an 16]]<ref>16:126:{{ia|وَإِنْ عَاقَبْتُمْ فَعَاقِبُواْ بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبْتُم بِهِ وَلَئِن صَبَرْتُمْ لَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لِّلصَّابِرينَ}} (if ye punish, then punish with the like of that wherewith ye were afflicted. but if ye endure patiently, verily it is better for the patient)</ref> was revealed and although it gave them the permission for doing the same but regarded patience a better act instead. | ||
=== His Burial === | === His Burial === | ||
Hamza was the first martyr of the [[Battle of Uhud]] that the [[Prophet (s)]] performed [[ | Hamza was the first martyr of the [[Battle of Uhud]] that the [[Prophet (s)]] performed [[Funeral Prayer]] upon and then other martyrs were brought in different times and were laid beside him and then the Prophet (s) performed prayer upon them. Therefore, he (s) did prayer upon the martyrs individually or collectively about 70 times. Hamza was [[shroud]]ed in a piece of cloth, his sister [[Safiyya bt. 'Abd al-Muttalib|Safiyya]] had brought, since idolaters had stolen all his clothes. | ||
== Crying over Hamza == | == Crying over Hamza == | ||
When the | When the [[Prophet (s)]] saw Hamza that way, he cried and when he (s) heard the [[Ansar|Helpers]] crying for their martyrs, he (s) said, "But Hamza does not have anyone to mourn for him!" [[Sa'd b. Mu'adh]] heard this and took women to the house of the Prophet (s) and they mourned for Hamza. Since then, any woman from the Helpers who wanted to mourn for a deceased person, would first mourn for Hamza. It is said that Zaynab, daughter of [[Abu Salama]] wore black clothes of mourning for Hamza. | ||
== Grave of Hamza == | == Grave of Hamza == | ||
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== See also == | == See also == | ||
{{cb|3}} | |||
* [[Prophet (s)]] | * [[Prophet (s)]] | ||
* [['Abd al-Muttalib]] | * [['Abd al-Muttalib]] | ||
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* [[Sariyya Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] | * [[Sariyya Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] | ||
* [[Mount Uhud]] | * [[Mount Uhud]] | ||
{{end}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from {{ia|[ | * The material for this article is mainly taken from {{ia|[[:fa:حمزة بن عبدالمطلب|حمزة بن عبدالمطلب]]}} in Farsi Wikishia. | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
{{The Prophet (s)}} | {{The Prophet (s)}} | ||
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[[es:Hamza Ibn Abd al-Muttalib]] | [[es:Hamza Ibn Abd al-Muttalib]] | ||
[[id:Hamzah bin Abdul Mutthalib]] | [[id:Hamzah bin Abdul Mutthalib]] | ||
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[[Category:Banu Hashim]] | [[Category:Banu Hashim]] | ||