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'''Truthful One''' or '''Ṣiddīq''' (Arabic: {{ia|الصِدّیق}}) is a truthful person who never lies. Some [[Prophethood|prophet]]s have been characterized in the [[Qur'an]] as "siddiq" or truthful. | '''Truthful One''' or '''Ṣiddīq''' (Arabic: {{ia|الصِدّیق}}) is a truthful person who never lies. Some [[Prophethood|prophet]]s have been characterized in the [[Qur'an]] as "siddiq" or truthful. | ||
"Al-Siddiq al-Akbar" is | "Al-Siddiq al-Akbar" is the title of [[Imam Ali (a)]]. The [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] gave him the titles "al-Siddiq al-Akbar" ({{ia|الصديق الاکبر}}) and [[Faruq]]. Also, [[Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] is called "Siddiqa" (Arabic: {{ia|الصديقة}}, the feminine gender for siddiq) and "al-Siddiqa al-Kubra" ({{ia|الصديقة الكبرى}}, the great truthful). | ||
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|quote = [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]<br>'''I am the servant of God and His messenger's brother and I am " the greatest truthful". No one will claim this title after me except liars. | |quote = [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]<br>'''I am the servant of God and His messenger's brother, and I am " the greatest truthful". No one will claim this title after me except liars. | ||
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==Lexicology and Quranic usage== | ==Lexicology and Quranic usage== | ||
The plural form of the word "siddiq" is "siddiqun". "Siddiq" in terms of | The plural form of the word "siddiq" is "siddiqun". "Siddiq" in terms of Arabic grammar is an exaggerative form from the root "s-d-q" ({{ia|ص-د-ق}}), meaning a person who always exhibits "sidq" (Arabic: {{ia|الصدق}}) that is, truth or honesty.<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 10, p. 193-194.</ref> | ||
In the [[Qur'an]], the single form of "siddiq" | In the [[Qur'an]], the single form of "siddiq" was used four times, and its plural form was used two times.<ref>''al-Muʿjam al-mufahris'', p. 406.</ref>.<ref>Qur'an 4:69.</ref> [[Ibrahim (a)]]<ref>Qur'an 19:41; And mention in the Book Abraham. Indeed, he was a truthful man and a prophet.</ref> and [[Idris (a)]]<ref>Qur'an 19:56; And mention in the Book Idrees. Indeed, he was a truthful one and a prophet.</ref> have been characterized in the Quran as "siddiq", and [[Maryam (a)]] (St Mary the Virgin) has been characterized as "siddiqa"<ref>Qur'an 5:75; The Messiah, son of Mary, is but an apostle. Certainly, [other] apostles have passed before him, and his mother was a truthful one. </ref> (the feminine gender for Siddiq). In [[hadiths]], [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] has been characterized as "Siddiq"<ref>Kāshānī, ''Manhaj al-ṣādiqīn'', p. 342; Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'',p. 274; Ṣadūq, ''ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā'', vol. 2, p. 9.</ref> and [[Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] as "Siddiqa" or "al-Siddiqa al-Kubra".<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 3, p. 133; Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'',p. 668.</ref> | ||
==Position of Siddiqun== | ==Position of Siddiqun== | ||
According to Raghib al-Isfahani, siddiqun are people who are very close to prophets | According to Raghib al-Isfahani, siddiqun are people who are very close to prophets concerning virtues.<ref>Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī, ''al-Mufradāt'', p. 227.</ref> | ||
According to a [[hadith]] in Shiite sources, when a "siddiqa" dies, no one can do her washing rituals except a siddiq. For example, Fatima al-Zahra's (a) washing rituals were done by Imam 'Ali (a), and Maryam's (a) washing rituals were done by [[Jesus]] (Isa) (a).<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 3, p. 159; Ṭūsī, ''Tahdhīb al-aḥkām'', vol. 1, p. 440; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 2, p. 530.</ref> | According to a [[hadith]] in Shiite sources, when a "siddiqa" dies, no one can do her washing rituals except a siddiq. For example, Fatima al-Zahra's (a) washing rituals were done by Imam 'Ali (a), and Maryam's (a) washing rituals were done by [[Jesus]] (Isa) (a).<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 3, p. 159; Ṭūsī, ''Tahdhīb al-aḥkām'', vol. 1, p. 440; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 2, p. 530.</ref> | ||
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In [[Shiite]] and [[Sunni]] sources, Imam 'Ali (a) has been characterized by the [[Prophet (s)]] as al-Siddiq al-Akbar.<ref>Kāshānī, ''Manhaj al-ṣādiqīn'', p. 342; Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'',p. 274; Ṣadūq, ''ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā'', vol. 2, p. 9; Muttaqī Hindī, ''Kanz al-ʿummāl'', vol. 11, p. 616; Irbilī, ''Kashf al-ghumma'', vol. 2, p. 12; bn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 2, p. 286; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 1, p. 431; Ibn Abī Shayba, ''al-Muṣannaf'', vol. 7, p. 498; Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balagha'', vol. 13, p. 200; Ṭabarānī, ''al-Muʿjam al-kabīr'', vol. 6, p. 269.</ref> The Prophet (s) mentioned [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]], the [[believer of Pharaoh's People]] (Mu'min Al Fir'awn) and [[Habib al-Najjar]] as Siddiq, emphasizing that 'Ali (a) is the greatest ("Akbar") among them.<ref>Ibn Maghāzīlī, ''Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib'', p. 200; Muttaqī Hindī, ''Kanz al-ʿummāl'', vol. 11, p. 601.</ref> | In [[Shiite]] and [[Sunni]] sources, Imam 'Ali (a) has been characterized by the [[Prophet (s)]] as al-Siddiq al-Akbar.<ref>Kāshānī, ''Manhaj al-ṣādiqīn'', p. 342; Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'',p. 274; Ṣadūq, ''ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā'', vol. 2, p. 9; Muttaqī Hindī, ''Kanz al-ʿummāl'', vol. 11, p. 616; Irbilī, ''Kashf al-ghumma'', vol. 2, p. 12; bn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 2, p. 286; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 1, p. 431; Ibn Abī Shayba, ''al-Muṣannaf'', vol. 7, p. 498; Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balagha'', vol. 13, p. 200; Ṭabarānī, ''al-Muʿjam al-kabīr'', vol. 6, p. 269.</ref> The Prophet (s) mentioned [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]], the [[believer of Pharaoh's People]] (Mu'min Al Fir'awn) and [[Habib al-Najjar]] as Siddiq, emphasizing that 'Ali (a) is the greatest ("Akbar") among them.<ref>Ibn Maghāzīlī, ''Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib'', p. 200; Muttaqī Hindī, ''Kanz al-ʿummāl'', vol. 11, p. 601.</ref> | ||
According to Sunni sources, [[Abu Bakr]] is also characterized as "siddiq" in [[Hadith of Mi'raj]]<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', p. 167; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 170.</ref> or, on other accounts, he was called so since the period of [[Jahiliyya]] (ignorance).<ref>Darza, ''Tārīkh al-ʿarab fī al-Islām'', p. 26.</ref> However, the hadith | According to Sunni sources, [[Abu Bakr]] is also characterized as "siddiq" in [[Hadith of Mi'raj]]<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', p. 167; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 170.</ref> or, on other accounts, he was called so since the period of [[Jahiliyya]] (ignorance).<ref>Darza, ''Tārīkh al-ʿarab fī al-Islām'', p. 26.</ref> However, some Sunni scholars have rejected the hadith as unreliable.<ref>Muttaqī Hindī, ''Kanz al-ʿummāl'', vol. 13, p. 236; Dhahabī, ''Mīzān al-iʿtidāl'', vol. 1, p. 540; Ibn Ḥabbān, ''al-Majrūḥīn'', vol. 2, p. 116.</ref> Ibn Jawzi cited the hadith as a fake one in his book, ''al-Mawdu'at''.<ref>Ibn Jawzī, ''al-Mawḍūʿāt'', vol. 1, p. 327.</ref> | ||
Shiite scholars reject the title of "siddiq" for Abu Bakr. Moreover, they appeal to hadiths from Sunni sources<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 2, p. 146; Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', p. 169; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 2, p. 310; Ibn Māja, ''Sunan Ibn Māja'', vol. 1, 0. 44; Nasā'ī, ''Sunan al-kubrā'', p. 21-22; Juwaynī, ''Farāʾid al-samṭayn'', vol. 1, p. 140, 248; Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balagha'', vol. 13, p. 228; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 3, p. 26; Suyūṭī, ''al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaghīr'', vol. 2, p. 50.</ref> to show that this title as well as the title, [[Faruq]], are exclusively those of 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a), since during his [[caliphate]], he stated on the [[minbar]] of [[Basra]] that the titles are exclusive his.<ref>ʿĀmilī, ''al-Ṣaḥīḥ min sīrat al-nabī'', vol. 2, p. 263-270; Amīnī, ''al-Ghadīr'', vol. 2, p. 312-314.</ref> | Shiite scholars reject the title of "siddiq" for Abu Bakr. Moreover, they appeal to hadiths from Sunni sources<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 2, p. 146; Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', p. 169; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 2, p. 310; Ibn Māja, ''Sunan Ibn Māja'', vol. 1, 0. 44; Nasā'ī, ''Sunan al-kubrā'', p. 21-22; Juwaynī, ''Farāʾid al-samṭayn'', vol. 1, p. 140, 248; Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balagha'', vol. 13, p. 228; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 3, p. 26; Suyūṭī, ''al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaghīr'', vol. 2, p. 50.</ref> to show that this title as well as the title, [[Faruq]], are exclusively those of 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a), since during his [[caliphate]], he stated on the [[minbar]] of [[Basra]] that the titles are exclusive his.<ref>ʿĀmilī, ''al-Ṣaḥīḥ min sīrat al-nabī'', vol. 2, p. 263-270; Amīnī, ''al-Ghadīr'', vol. 2, p. 312-314.</ref> | ||