Ali b. al-Imam al-Sadiq (a): Difference between revisions

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[[File:Ali Ebne Jafar 01.jpg|thumbnail|250px|The tomb of 'Ali b. Ja'far, [[Qom]], [[Iran]]]]

''' ʿAlī b. Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad al-Sādiq''' (علی بن جعفر بن محمد الصادق) (third/ninth century), is the son of [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]]. His [[kunya]] is Abu l-Hasan and his surname is ʿUrayḍī (عریضي). He has narrated a lot of [[hadith|hadiths]]. He was very pious and well educated. He accompanied his brother, [[Imam al-Kazim (a)|Musa b. Ja'far (a)]] and narrated a lot of hadiths from him. He is counted the youngest child of Imam al-Sadiq (a) who also experienced the [[Imam al-Hadi (a)|Imam al-Hadi's]] period. Mausoleums in [['Urayd]], a village near [[Medina]], and [[Qom]] and [[Simnan]] in [[Iran]], are attributed to him.

His father was [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] and his mother's name is not reported and only it is known that she was [[umm walad]].

There is no report about his exact birth date. Some say that he was 2 when [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] was martyred (148/765), on the other hand, some believe that he was in his early youth at that time. For example, [['Abd Allah Mamaqani|Mamaqani]] believes that he was between 16 to 20; because, narrating from his father requires this age.

His [[Kunay]] was Abu l-Hasan. Due to his relationship with [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] he was given various surnames such as: Husayni, Hashimi and 'Alavi, but the most famous one is ʿUrayḍī. [['Urayd]] is a village located one [[farsakh]] away from [[Medina]], [[Saudi Arabia]]. It was a private property of [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]], who left it for [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] and according to his will it was given to his youngest son, 'Ali b. Ja'far.

It is said that 'Ali b. Ja'far is one of the few people who experienced 5 [[Imams]]. [[Al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] has listed him in his father's ([[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]]) companions. According to ''[[Tarikh Qom]]'', which says that he was 2 years old when Imam al-Sadiq (a) was martyred, his direct narration from him remains dubious; unless we accept the opinion of [['Abd Allah Mamaqani|Mamaqani]], who believes that he was between 16 to 20 years old at that time.

Also, his name is counted among [[Imam al-Rida (a)]] companions in the book "[[Rijal]]" written by al-Shaykh al-Tusi. He had a book of narrations from Imam al-Rida (a). [[Hasan b. Fadal]] quoted in a narration that Imam al-Kazim (a) informed 'Ali b. Ja'far about the [[imamat]] of Imam al-Rida (a) and he accepted that. In another [[hadith]] [[Zakaryya b. Yahya]] narrated that 'Ali b. Ja'far explained the imamat of Imam al-Rida (a) in his conversation with [[Hasan b. Husayn b. Imam al-Sajjad]] (a).

In another incident 'Ali b. Ja'far supported [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]]. [[Muhammad b. Hasan b. 'Ammar]] narrates: "It was two years that I was studying under 'Ali b. Ja'far and writing his narration from his brother. One day [while we were in [[Masjid al-Nabi]] and he was retelling the [[hadith]]s to us Imam al-Jawad (a) entered Masjid al-Nabi (the mosque of [[the Prophet (s)]] in [[Medina]]), 'Ali b. Ja'far jumped to his feet and without [wearing] his shoes and cloak hurried to him. He kissed Imam al-Jawad's (a) hand and honored him. Imam al-Jawad (a) told him: "O uncle! [please] sit down. God bless you."

In addition to [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)|Imam al-Sadiq]], [[Imam al-Kazim (a)|Imam al-Kazim]] and [[Imam al-Rida (a)]], these people are listed among his masters:

# [[Abu Abd Allah, Husayn b. Zayd b. 'Ali b. Husayn]]; his nickname is Husayn Dhu al-Dam'a too, and his surname is Madani.

# [[Sufyan b. 'Uyayna b. 'Umran al-Hilali]]; whose great grandfather was an agent of [[Khlid al-Qasri]].

# [[Muhammad b. Muslim]].

# [['Abd al-Malik b. Qudama]].

# Mu'tab; the servant of Imam al-Sadiq (a).

# [[Abu Sa'id Makki]].

According to the books of [['Ilm al-Rijal]] and narration sources, he had more than 40 pupils, some of which are:

{{col-begin|2}}

# [[Ahmad b. 'Ali b. Ja'far]] (a); his son.

# [[Muhammad b. 'Ali b. Ja'far]] (a); his son.

# [[Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Abi Nasr Bazanti]].

# [[Ishaq b. Muhammad b. Ishaq b. Ja'far]] (a).

# [[Ishaq b. Musa b. Ja'far]] (a); his nephew.

# [[Isma'il b. Muhammad b. Ishaq b. Ja'far]] (a); his brother's grandson.

# [[Hasan b. 'Ali b. 'Uthman b. 'Ali b. Husayn b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib]] (s); also known as Hasan b. 'Ali b. 'Amr 'Amraki.

# [[Husayn b. Zayd b. 'Ali b. Husayn]] (a).

# [[Husayn b. Musa b. Ja'far]] (a).

# [[Abd al-'Azim al-Hasani]].

# [[Yunis b. 'Abd al-Rahman]].

Most of the scholars of [['Ilm al-RIjal]] has reported a book titled ''[[Masa'il 'Ali b. Ja'far]]'' for him ([[al-Najashi]] mentioned that he had one book); but Ayatullah [[Sayyid Musa Shubayri Zanjani]] believes that he had 3 books:

* ''[[Kitab fi al-halal wa al-haram]]''

* ''[[Mas'il li akhih Musa al-Kazim (a)]]''.

 

Before his demise 'Ali b. Ja'far said: "a year before my father's demise when his family were at his presence, he said: [[Allah]] has never emphasized this much on anything, more than [[imamat]] and [his] servants have never denied anything more imamat.

There are three possibilities about his mausoleum. There are mausoleum by his name in [['Urayd]], near [[Medina]], [[Qom]] and [[Simnan]].

[[Muhammad taqi al-Majlisi]] wrote in his autobiography that the buried person in the [[cemetery of Bagh Behshet]], [[Qom]] is 'Ali b. Ja'far 'Uraydi and added that he travelled to Qom because of the invitation of its people. Also, [[Sayyid Husayn Mudarrisi Yazdi|Mudarrisi Yazdi]] has the same opinion.

===Mausoleum and Mosque of 'Ali b. Ja'far in Medina===

[[Muhaddith Nuri]] believes that the burial of 'Ali b. Ja'far in [[Qom]] is very improbable; because, firstly: there is no report about this in [['Ilm al-Rijal]] sources, secondly: narrator of Qom, who would travel to narrate [[hadith]]s, did not narrate any hadiths from him, and thirdly about 100 of Sayyids and [[Imamzadis]] (Imams' descendants) who travelled to Qom have been listed in the book ''Tarikh Qom'' but there is no indication about  'Ali b. Ja'far or his travel to Qom in the book. Consequently, he ([[Muhaddith Nuri|Sahib Mustadrak al-wasa'il]]) believes that 'Ali b. Ja'far was buried in [['Urayd]] located about one [[farsakh]] away from [[Medina]]. Nowadays there are a mausoleum and a mosque by his name.

===Mausoleum in Simnan===

In downtown [[Simnan]], there is a mausoleum attributed to him.

==Wife and Children==

According to [[Muhaddith Qummi]] his wife was Fatima b. [['Abd Allah Bahir]] son of [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]]. Genealogists have counted 13 sons and 7 daughters for him:

# [[Muhammad Akbar b. 'Ali b. Ja'far|Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad Akbar]], Jamal al-Din.

# [[Hasan b. 'Ali b. Ja'far|Hasan]]

# [[Ahmad b. 'Ali b. Ja'far|Ahmad al-Sha'rani]]

# [[Ja'far b. 'Ali b. Ja'far|Ja'far Asghar]]

# [[Ja'far b. 'Ali b. Ja'far|Ja'far Akbar]]

# [[Husayn b. 'Ali b. Ja'far|Husayn]]

# [['Isa b. 'Ali b. Ja'far|'Isa]]

# [[Qasim b. 'Ali b. Ja'far|Qasim]]

# [['Ali b. 'Ali b. Ja'far|'Ali]]

# [['Abd Allah b. 'Ali b. Ja'far|'Abd Allah]]

# [[Muhammad b. 'Ali b. Ja'far|Muhammad Asghar]]

# [[Ahmad b. 'Ali b. Ja'far|Ahmad Asghar]]

== External Links ==

[[Category:Scholars of 3/9 century]]