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Al-Ma'mun: Difference between revisions
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| Full Name = Abd Allah b. Haraun al-Rashid | | Full Name = 'Abd Allah b. Haraun al-Rashid | ||
| Kunya = Abu l-Abbas | | Kunya = Abu l-'Abbas | ||
| Epithet = | | Epithet = Al-Ma'mun | ||
| Well Known As = | | Well Known As = | ||
| Religious Affiliation = | | Religious Affiliation = | ||
| Lineage = Banu l-Abbas | | Lineage = Banu l-'Abbas | ||
| Wellknown Relatives = Harun al-Rashid, [[Umm al-Fadl]] | | Wellknown Relatives = Harun al-Rashid, [[Umm al-Fadl]] | ||
| Birth = [[170]]/786 | | Birth = [[170]]/786 | ||
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''' | '''ʾAbu l-ʿAbbās ʿAbd ʾAllāh ʾal-Maʾmūn''' (Arabic:{{iarabic|ابوالعباس عبدالله المأمون}}), (b. [[170]]/786 - d. [[218]]/833) the son of [[Harun al-Rashid]], was the 7th caliph of [[Abbasid dynasty]], who became caliph after his brother, [[Muhammad al-Amin al-'Abbasi]], was killed in [[198]]/814. He died in 218/833. | ||
==Lineage== | ==Lineage== | ||
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==Birth and Death== | ==Birth and Death== | ||
Al-Ma'mun was born on | Al-Ma'mun was born on Friday eve, [[Rabi' I 15|15th of Rabi' I]], [[170]]/[[September 19|September 19th]], 786). He died in 218/833 after a minor illness near [[Tartus]], [[Syria]], when he was coming back from a battle in [[Egypt]]. | ||
==Caliphate== | ==Caliphate== | ||
He was the 7th caliph of [[Abbasid dynasty]]. Persians who had tendency toward [[Shi'a]] and have suffered the tyranny of 'Ali b. 'Isa -who was appointed by [[Harun al-Rashid|Harun]] as the governor of [[Khurasan]]- and hated the nasty action of the | He was the 7th caliph of [[Abbasid dynasty]]. Persians who had tendency toward [[Shi'a]] and have suffered the tyranny of 'Ali b. 'Isa -who was appointed by [[Harun al-Rashid|Harun]] as the governor of [[Khurasan]]- and hated the nasty action of the caliph ,[[Muhammad al-Amin al-'Abbasi|al-Amin]], supported al-Ma'mun. On the other hand Arab leaders and people of [[Baghdad]] supported al-Amin. Mu'mun was able to defeat 'Ali b. 'Isa, the chief commander of the army of al-Amin, in [[195]]/810 by craftiness and perspicacity of [[al-Fadl b. Sahl]], who later became his vizier, and commanding of Tahir b. al-Husayn titled as Dhu al-Yaminayn, the chief commander of his army. And finally after a serious conflict in [[198]]/813 Tahir conquered Baghdad. Al-Amin was prisoned and then killed. Al-Ma'mun was officially chosen as the caliph in 198/813 and he chose al-Fadl b. Sahl as his vizier. | ||
[[Al-Bayhaqi]] writes: | [[Al-Bayhaqi]] writes: | ||
:"giving [[allegiance]] to al-Ma'mun was in 195/810 and by [[196]]/811 majority of people in (Islamic) regions had swore allegiance to him. When al-Amin was killed in [[Muharram]], [[198]]/ (September 813), people from all the Islamic territory unanimously accepted al-Ma'mun's caliphate." | |||
Influenced by Persian training, al-Ma'mun was very interested in knowledge and wisdom from young ages. Therefore, during his caliphate period he assigned scholars to translate books from Greek, | Influenced by Persian training, al-Ma'mun was very interested in knowledge and wisdom from young ages. Therefore, during his caliphate period he assigned scholars to translate books from Greek, Syriac, Pahlavi, and Indian to Arabic. His court was a center to gather scholars of various religious and sects, for discussion and debate. | ||
=== | ===Asigning Imam al-Rida (a) as Successor=== | ||
{{main|Imam al-Rida's (a) Succession of al-Ma'mun}} | |||
Al-Ma'mun, brought [[Imam al-Rida (a)]] from [[Medina]] to [[Khurasan]] and swore allegiance to him as his successor on Monday [[7 Ramadan|7th of Ramadan]] [[201]]/ ([[3 April|April 3rd]] 817). He ordered people of all Islamic regions to wear green clothes instead of black and took their allegiance (black was Abbasid's color while [[Shi'a]] wore green clothes). Sermons were delivered in his (Imam al-Rida (a)) name and coins ([[Dinar]] and [[Dirham]]) were minted in his name. He finally martyred Imam al-Rida (a) by poision. | Al-Ma'mun, brought [[Imam al-Rida (a)]] from [[Medina]] to [[Khurasan]] and swore allegiance to him as his successor on Monday [[7 Ramadan|7th of Ramadan]] [[201]]/ ([[3 April|April 3rd]] 817). He ordered people of all Islamic regions to wear green clothes instead of black and took their allegiance (black was Abbasid's color while [[Shi'a]] wore green clothes). Sermons were delivered in his (Imam al-Rida (a)) name and coins ([[Dinar]] and [[Dirham]]) were minted in his name. He finally martyred Imam al-Rida (a) by poision. | ||
== | == References == | ||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D9%85%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86 مأمون] in Farsi WikiShia. | * The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D9%85%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86 مأمون] in Farsi WikiShia. | ||