Mount Hira': Difference between revisions
imported>Shakeri No edit summary |
imported>Haghani mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{under construction}} | {{under construction}} | ||
[[File:كوه حراء.jpg|thumbnail|Hira' mountain]] | [[File:كوه حراء.jpg|thumbnail|Hira' mountain]] | ||
'''Ḥīrāʾ''' (حراء) is one of the famous mountains in [[Mecca]] where [[the Prophet (s)]] has received his first [[revelation]], resulting it's another name '''Jabal al- | '''Ḥīrāʾ''' (حراء) is one of the famous mountains in [[Mecca]] where [[the Prophet (s)]] has received his first [[revelation]], resulting it's another name '''Jabal al-Nūr''' (The Mountain of Light). The mount houses a cave known as [[cave of Hira']] where the Prophet (s) used to spent great deal of time every year to engage himself in solitary worshiping before [[Islam]] ([[tahannuth]])<ref>Fasi, ''Shifa' al-gharam'', vol.1 p.279</ref> and it was there that he was honored with [[Prophethood]] . | ||
==Characteristics of the Mount== | ==Characteristics of the Mount== | ||
Hira' is a conical mountain northeast of [[Mecca]] and is totally separated from the other mountains surrounding the city.<ref>Qa'idan, ''Tarikh wa athar islami Makka'', p.107</ref> According to historical sources Hira' used to be | Hira' is a conical mountain northeast of [[Mecca]] and is totally separated from the other mountains surrounding the city.<ref>Qa'idan, ''Tarikh wa athar islami Makka'', p.107</ref> According to historical sources Hira' used to be about 6 kilometers (one farsakh) far from Mecca<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ''Rahla'', p.130; Ibn Batuta, ''Rahla'', vol.1 p.158</ref> but now it's enclosed with residential towers due to city expansion. Hira' is about 4 to 6 kilometers away from [[Masjid al-Haram]].<ref>Qa'idan, ''Tarikh wa athar islami Makka'', p.107</ref> This mount overlooks Mina and is alongside [[Mina]] – [['Arafat]] route.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ''Rahla'', p.130; Ibn Batuta, ''Rahla'', vol.1 p.158</ref> | ||
It's peak is 560 meters above sea level<ref>'Abd al-Ghani, ''Tarikh umar' al-makka'', p.22</ref> and there is only one way to climb to the top which is distinguished from the other parts.<ref>Himyari, ''al-Rawd al-mi'tar'', p.190</ref> Neither water nor grass could be found in the mount. The summit is an area of 40 square meters. There is an open area on the top and there is no rock to block the scenery. | It's peak is 560 meters above sea level<ref>'Abd al-Ghani, ''Tarikh umar' al-makka'', p.22</ref> and there is only one way to climb to the top which is distinguished from the other parts.<ref>Himyari, ''al-Rawd al-mi'tar'', p.190</ref> Neither water nor grass could be found in the mount. The summit is an area of 40 square meters. There is an open area on the top and there is no rock to block the scenery. | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
==Mount Hira' in historical and religious narrations== | ==Mount Hira' in historical and religious narrations== | ||
It's been narrated that [[Prophet Adam (a)]] built [[Ka'ba]] out of rocks from five mountains, one of which was the Mount Hira'.<ref>Haythami, ''Majma' al-zawa'id'', vol.3 p.288; Fasi, ''Shifa' al-gharam'', vol.1 p.91</ref> Some believe the Mount Hira' is called | It's been narrated that [[Prophet Adam (a)]] built [[Ka'ba]] out of rocks from five mountains, one of which was the Mount Hira'.<ref>Haythami, ''Majma' al-zawa'id'', vol.3 p.288; Fasi, ''Shifa' al-gharam'', vol.1 p.91</ref> Some believe the Mount Hira' is called Fārān in [[Torah]]<ref>1 Samuel 1:25</ref> but it seems Fārān is a name for all mounts in [[Mecca]] not only Hira'.<ref>'Aamili, ''al-Sahih'', vol.1 p.197</ref> | ||
It's been said that one of the miracles of [[the Prophet (s)]] was that the mount Hira' moved and stopped under his foot on his command.<ref>Ibn Hanbal, ''Musnad'', vol.2 p.419; Tabrisi, ''al-Ihtijaj'', vol.1 p.326; Miqrizi, ''Imta' al-asma' '', vol.5 p.57</ref> | It's been said that one of the miracles of [[the Prophet (s)]] was that the mount Hira' moved and stopped under his foot on his command.<ref>Ibn Hanbal, ''Musnad'', vol.2 p.419; Tabrisi, ''al-Ihtijaj'', vol.1 p.326; Miqrizi, ''Imta' al-asma' '', vol.5 p.57</ref> | ||
| Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
In a narration [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] said "the Prophet (s) used to go the Mount Hira' every year to be away from the world outside but no one would see him except me".<ref>''Nahj al-balagha'', sermon:192</ref> | In a narration [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] said "the Prophet (s) used to go the Mount Hira' every year to be away from the world outside but no one would see him except me".<ref>''Nahj al-balagha'', sermon:192</ref> | ||
This mount was respected in [[Jahiliyya]] (days of ignorance) as well and it's been mentioned in jahilliya's literature such as poems of | This mount was respected in [[Jahiliyya]] (days of ignorance) as well and it's been mentioned in jahilliya's literature such as poems of ʿAwf b. Aḥwaṣ and [[Abu Talib]] (the uncle of the Prophet (s)).<ref>Fasi, ''Shifa' al-gharam'', vol.1 p.281</ref> | ||
[['Abd al-Muttalib]] (the grandfather of the Prophet (s)) was the first one to choose this place for solitary worshiping.<ref>Ibn Athir, ''al-Kamil fi l-tarikh'', vol.2 p.15 | [['Abd al-Muttalib]] (the grandfather of the Prophet (s)) was the first one to choose this place for solitary worshiping (see:[[tahannuth]]).<ref>Ibn Athir, ''al-Kamil fi l-tarikh'', vol.2 p.15</ref> | ||
From past till now [[Muslim]]s would go to visit Hira' cave and it's been said that Du'a (prayers) will be answered there.<ref>Fasi, ''Shifa' al-gharam'', vol.1 p.199,280; Ibn Jubayr, ''Rahla'', p.190; </ref> Also according to some [[faqih]]s (jurists) visiting the cave is considered as a [[Mustahabb]] (recommended) action during the [[Hajj]].<ref>Shahid al-Awwal, ''al-Durus'', vol.1 p.468; Sabziwari, ''Dhakhirat al-ma'ad'', p.695</ref> | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
Revision as of 13:00, 1 June 2015
 | This article is under construction or in the process of or expansion. |
Ḥīrāʾ (حراء) is one of the famous mountains in Mecca where the Prophet (s) has received his first revelation, resulting it's another name Jabal al-Nūr (The Mountain of Light). The mount houses a cave known as cave of Hira' where the Prophet (s) used to spent great deal of time every year to engage himself in solitary worshiping before Islam (tahannuth)[1] and it was there that he was honored with Prophethood .
Characteristics of the Mount
Hira' is a conical mountain northeast of Mecca and is totally separated from the other mountains surrounding the city.[2] According to historical sources Hira' used to be about 6 kilometers (one farsakh) far from Mecca[3] but now it's enclosed with residential towers due to city expansion. Hira' is about 4 to 6 kilometers away from Masjid al-Haram.[4] This mount overlooks Mina and is alongside Mina – 'Arafat route.[5]
It's peak is 560 meters above sea level[6] and there is only one way to climb to the top which is distinguished from the other parts.[7] Neither water nor grass could be found in the mount. The summit is an area of 40 square meters. There is an open area on the top and there is no rock to block the scenery.
Characteristics of the cave
The cave of Hira' is situated on the peak of the mount and only 20 meters away from the summit. To reach the cave one has to pass between two close rocks and then the cave appears.[8] The end of the cave is exactly directed to Masjid al-Haram and Ka'ba and the opening of the cave is nearly directed to Bayt al-Maqdis.[9] Masjid al-Haram and it's minarets could be seen from the top.[10] The opening is high enough that a man with average height could go through and stand for prayer. It is lighted inside the cave from sunrise to sunset however it's not heated as outside.[11]
Some historians have mistaken Mount Hira' for Mount al-Thawr in which the Prophet (s) took refuge during the Hijra.[12]
Mount Hira' in historical and religious narrations
It's been narrated that Prophet Adam (a) built Ka'ba out of rocks from five mountains, one of which was the Mount Hira'.[13] Some believe the Mount Hira' is called Fārān in Torah[14] but it seems Fārān is a name for all mounts in Mecca not only Hira'.[15]
It's been said that one of the miracles of the Prophet (s) was that the mount Hira' moved and stopped under his foot on his command.[16]
In a narration Imam 'Ali (a) said "the Prophet (s) used to go the Mount Hira' every year to be away from the world outside but no one would see him except me".[17]
This mount was respected in Jahiliyya (days of ignorance) as well and it's been mentioned in jahilliya's literature such as poems of ʿAwf b. Aḥwaṣ and Abu Talib (the uncle of the Prophet (s)).[18]
'Abd al-Muttalib (the grandfather of the Prophet (s)) was the first one to choose this place for solitary worshiping (see:tahannuth).[19]
From past till now Muslims would go to visit Hira' cave and it's been said that Du'a (prayers) will be answered there.[20] Also according to some faqihs (jurists) visiting the cave is considered as a Mustahabb (recommended) action during the Hajj.[21]
Notes
- ↑ Fasi, Shifa' al-gharam, vol.1 p.279
- ↑ Qa'idan, Tarikh wa athar islami Makka, p.107
- ↑ Ibn Jubayr, Rahla, p.130; Ibn Batuta, Rahla, vol.1 p.158
- ↑ Qa'idan, Tarikh wa athar islami Makka, p.107
- ↑ Ibn Jubayr, Rahla, p.130; Ibn Batuta, Rahla, vol.1 p.158
- ↑ 'Abd al-Ghani, Tarikh umar' al-makka, p.22
- ↑ Himyari, al-Rawd al-mi'tar, p.190
- ↑ Khadimi, Rahnimay hajj, vol.2 p.157
- ↑ Qa'idan, Tarikh wa athar islami Makka, p.108
- ↑ Khadimi, Rahnimay hajj, vol.2 p.157
- ↑ Qa'idan, Tarikh wa athar islami Makka, p.107-108
- ↑ Azruqi, Akhbar Makka, vol.2 p.288; Fasi, Shifa' al-gharam, vol.1 p.280
- ↑ Haythami, Majma' al-zawa'id, vol.3 p.288; Fasi, Shifa' al-gharam, vol.1 p.91
- ↑ 1 Samuel 1:25
- ↑ 'Aamili, al-Sahih, vol.1 p.197
- ↑ Ibn Hanbal, Musnad, vol.2 p.419; Tabrisi, al-Ihtijaj, vol.1 p.326; Miqrizi, Imta' al-asma' , vol.5 p.57
- ↑ Nahj al-balagha, sermon:192
- ↑ Fasi, Shifa' al-gharam, vol.1 p.281
- ↑ Ibn Athir, al-Kamil fi l-tarikh, vol.2 p.15
- ↑ Fasi, Shifa' al-gharam, vol.1 p.199,280; Ibn Jubayr, Rahla, p.190;
- ↑ Shahid al-Awwal, al-Durus, vol.1 p.468; Sabziwari, Dhakhirat al-ma'ad, p.695
References
- 'Aamili, Ja'far Murtada al-. Al-Sahih min sirat al-nabiyy al-a'zam. Qom: 1403
- 'Abd al-Ghani, 'Arif. Tarikh umara' al-makka. Damascus: 1413/1992
- Azruqi, Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah al-. Akhbar Makka. Beirut: Rushdi Salih, 1403/1983
- Fasi, Muhammad b. Ahmad al-. Shifa' al-gharam bi akhbar balad al-haram. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya
- Haythami, 'Ali b. Abu Bakr al-. Majma' al-zawa'id wa manba' al-fawa'id. Bierut: 1408/1988
- Himyari, Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah al-. Al-Rawd al-mi'tar fi khabar al-aqtar. Beirut: Ihsan 'Abbas, 1984
- Ibn Athir. Al-Kamil fi l-tarikh.
- Ibn Batuta. Rahla. Beirut: Muhammad 'Abd al-Mun'im 'Uryan, 1407/1987
- Ibn Hanbal, Ahmad.Musnad. Beirut: Dar Sadir
- Ibn Jubayr. Rahla. Cairo: Husayn Nassar, 1992
- Khadimi, Muhammad Hasan. Rahnimay hajj wa 'umra. Tehran: 1383 sh
- Miqrizi, Ahmad b. 'Ali al-.Imta' al-asma' . Beirut: Muhammad 'Abd al-Hamid, 1420/1999
- Nahj al-balagha
- Qa'idan, Asghar. Tarikh wa athar islami Makka mukarrama wa Madina Munawwara. Tehran: 1384 sh
- Sabziwari, Muhammad Baqir. Dhakhirat al-ma'ad. Tehran: 1273-1274
- Shahid al-Awwal. Al-Durus. Qom: 1412-1414
- Tabrisi, Ahmad b. 'Ali al-. Al-Ihtijaj. Najaf: Muhammad Baqir Musawi, 1386/1966
External Links
- The material of this article is manily taken from حراء in Farsi WikiShia.